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The main countermeasures to promote security intelligent video analysis applications

Intelligent video analysis is a hotspot in current security technology application, but some factors restrict the popularization and application of security intelligent video analysis technology. Therefore, this paper specifically analyzes the deep application bottlenecks of security intelligent video analysis technology and proposes corresponding countermeasures.

With the promotion of safe city construction, the application of security video surveillance has become increasingly popular. With the rapid expansion of the security video surveillance system, traditional manual monitoring has been difficult to meet the actual needs of security in terms of abnormal goals, behavior, event recognition efficiency, accuracy, real-time and so on. The advanced concepts and innovative application modes of security intelligent video analytics application technology are refreshing. However, after nearly ten years of development, there is still a huge contrast between its actual application results and user expectations, and it has almost fallen into the deadlock of “a thousand functions of product features, poor depth of application, and chaotic market supervision”. How to break through the bottleneck of the application of intelligent video analytics for security, requires market surveillance, product development, system integration, and professional users to work together.

Security Intelligent Video Analysis Technology Introduction Basic Concepts

Security intelligent video analysis technology originated in computer vision technology. It comprehensively applies techniques such as image enhancement processing. Based on the separation of goals and backgrounds, the target characteristics information is compared with pre-set templates or rules to automatically identify interest. The target, behavior, event, or data generates an alarm, and if necessary, the abnormal target can be automatically tracked and linked with other security facilities, significantly improving the overall efficiency and capability of security prevention and control. At the same time, the use of security intelligent video analysis technology in massive historical video information to achieve intelligent query search based on time, location and semantic characterization, can provide efficient verification means for the reconnaissance office.

Basic Architecture Security The overall architecture of the intelligent video analytics application system consists of the following three modes:

Front-end embedded deployment mode: The intelligent analysis function module is placed in front of a video capture front-end device, and a shared camera image processing chip or dedicated high-performance DSP is used as an intelligent analysis engine to realize intelligent analysis of abnormal targets, behaviors, and events. This kind of architecture is not affected by the image transmission link, which eases the pressure of video transmission and background storage. At the same time, intelligent analysis using uncompressed original images has good real-time performance, strong pertinence, and ease of deployment on a large scale. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to support complex intelligent analysis applications, and due to the pressure of front-end processing, higher requirements are placed on the integrated heat-dissipation process and stability of the front-end device, and it is relatively easy to be constrained by environmental factors. In addition, the front-end embedded intelligent analysis software is difficult to upgrade, and to some extent, the difficulty and غير مجاز مي باشدt of installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance are increased.

Background server deployment mode: Intelligent analysis applications are implemented through dedicated servers (groups) or dedicated clients deployed in the security monitoring center. This architecture effectively solves the inconsistency of the front-end processing capabilities. It can implement complex target, behavior, and event intelligence analysis through powerful background processing capabilities; facilitates integration with other professional application systems and expands the scope of smart analysis applications; intelligent analysis engine background running environment Guaranteed, system work stability is greatly improved, and it is convenient for intelligent analysis software upgrade, effectively reducing the pressure of system operation and maintenance. In short, this architecture is suitable for phased fixed-scenario intelligent analysis applications (such as large-scale event security), but it requires high performance for back-end server configuration. The level of intelligent analysis is easily limited by the bandwidth of image transmission links, and real-time performance is not ideal. Large-scale smart analytics applications can't be done.

Distributed hybrid deployment mode: Place some relatively simple video pre-processing functions on the camera (or video server) to complete the extraction, packaging, and sending of target feature data. The background intelligent analysis engine is responsible for receiving target feature data, completing and presetting rules. Or modules analyze and compare and automatically generate alarms. This architecture reduces the pressure on the front-end intelligent analysis. The back-end server only needs to analyze the target data, and it is convenient to integrate with other professional application systems. It improves the efficiency and capability of intelligent analysis and is more suitable for large-scale, high-performance intelligent analysis applications. However, the system The overall غير مجاز مي باشدt of deployment and operational maintenance pressure cannot be underestimated.

basic skills

Abnormal target recognition tracking. Identify, lock and track abnormal dynamic targets that occur in a specific period of time and in a specific area, and automatically record their movement trajectories.

Abnormal events, behavior identification alarm. Identify abnormal events or behaviors such as cross-border, legacy, stranded, stranded, fall, trail, fight, steal, and gather within a specified area and automatically report an alarm. Feature data acquisition. License plate recognition, face recognition, traffic flow monitoring, and real-time monitoring of crowdedness in public areas.

Massive video smart search. According to the semantic description of the target, behavior, and event features, and the auxiliary information such as location and time of the comprehensive event, the video information needed in the massive historical video information is automatically searched to improve the efficiency of the investigation of the staff of the department's investigators.

Security Intelligent Video Analysis Technology Application Status

At present, the application of security intelligent video analysis technology mainly focuses on urban public security management (such as public security bayonet information identification, crossing vehicle inspection and control, Internet cafe face comparison, etc.), and large-scale event security (such as the Shanghai World Expo campus entrance and exit portrait collection and comparison, virtual Waterfront electronic fence, etc.), management of the prison and other business areas. The comparatively successful application model is based on feature data acquisition comparisons. At the same time, in the surveillance sites where monitoring scenes are relatively fixed and lighting conditions are better, the intelligence of the objects, events such as illegal cross-border, overtime detention, confrontation, abnormal aggregation, etc. is supervised. Analyzing the alarm application has achieved certain results.

As far as the overall application level is concerned, due to factors such as the effectiveness of intelligent analysis algorithms, the complexity of the background, and the uncertainty of lighting conditions, the intelligent video analysis application of abnormal targets, behaviors, and events in complex open environments is still more challenging than the practical requirements for distance security. Big gap. The license plate recognition rate of the security bayonet and city road crossing is relatively high (more than 90%), but there is still much room for improvement based on the depth application of license plate recognition. Static portrait matching technology can achieve more than 90% accuracy in comparisons when the quality of the comparison source and comparison target is relatively high (such as portrait photos provided by second-generation residents), and it has higher actual combat applications. Value, but the real-time comparison technology for face collection in the open environment is limited by many factors such as site lighting conditions, “blacklist” quality, and the degree of cooperation, and the accuracy ratio is about 60-70%. Currently, it can only be deployed as a large-scale event in real time. Aids.

The main factors that restrict the application of intelligent video analytics in security
The lack of illumination at night in the open environment, bad weather (fog, snow, rain, dust, etc.), image compression processing, and the limited bandwidth of the network transmission link have caused image quality to decline, which has brought inherent difficulties to security intelligent video analysis; Complex anomalous behaviors and event modeling are difficult, and the corresponding intelligent analysis algorithms do not have high recognition performance. Targets are too close to the background or the background is cluttered, which leads to difficulties in target segmentation and feature information extraction. The moving target is blocked by the background and multiple moving targets obstruct each other. Target feature information is incomplete. The above factors are likely to cause adverse consequences such as false alarms, missed alarms, and tracking difficulties, which will severely restrict the actual combat performance improvement of the security intelligent video analysis application system.

The efficiency of the embedded intelligent video analysis algorithm based on D1 or HD resolution is not high, leading to the shortage of front-end DSP hardware resources, lack of front-end equipment integration, and lack of heat-dissipating technology to further limit the performance of DSP. The hardware processing capability and stability of the embedded intelligent analysis engine have been improved. It has become another major factor that restricts the application level of security intelligent video analytics.

Due to the fact that most of domestic security intelligent video analysis application products are from foreign manufacturers, and there is no scale application effect, the product pricing is generally abnormally high; manual calibration, background software debugging and other workloads during the implementation of the project are large, and some high-end product debugging even The need for direct participation of foreign manufacturers and technical personnel, coupled with the relatively high failure rate of embedded front-end equipment, makes it difficult to implement remote maintenance such as fault diagnosis and software upgrades, leading to high operating and maintenance غير مجاز مي باشدts for application systems. The above factors result in the low غير مجاز مي باشدt performance of security intelligent video analysis applications, which severely limits the effective promotion of security intelligent video analysis applications.

Mechanism level

At present, the construction of the security video surveillance system is still at an extensive stage of scale expansion. As the main unit of construction, security users are still paying more attention to the "monitoring coverage rate," and the degree of attention to prior warning is not enough. The direction of intelligent video analysis is The investment in R&D funding is also obviously insufficient.

Security intelligent video analysis product development lacks effective mechanisms. On the one hand, most security users do not seriously sort out application requirements. On the other hand, the product R&D department lacks an in-depth understanding of the security industry, resulting in intelligent video analysis products that have a thousand functions and lack of targeting. ***. At the same time, most system integrators do not give full play to the bridge between product R&D and users. Some integrators even exaggerate the functions of intelligent video analysis products and seriously damage the market image of intelligent video analysis products.

In addition, from the perspective of market supervision, due to the lack of authoritative standards certification system, users can not effectively measure and control the product performance, and seriously affect the user's confidence in the application of security intelligent video analysis.

The main countermeasures to promote security intelligent video analytics applications

Focus on the support of local R&D forces and focus on key technologies

In order to cope with the current situation in which security and intelligent video analytics applications rely heavily on foreign technology, and at the same time effectively stop the inefficient research and development of simple imitation and repeated investment, it is necessary to carefully organize local professional research institutes to focus on basic and common key technologies to break through security. Intelligent video analysis depth application creates conditions.

Efficient intelligent video analysis algorithm: Improved target segmentation, feature extraction, target recognition, and dynamic tracking algorithms based on complex scenes (such as varying lighting conditions, closeness of target and background colors, background clutter, targets blocked by background, and changes in monitored field of view) Performance improves the capacity and effectiveness of static object libraries and dynamic rule bases, reduces the occupation of hardware computing resources, and improves the accuracy and real-time performance of automated analysis of complex targets, behaviors, and events for open, complex, and large-scale monitoring areas. At the same time, the overall structure of the intelligent analysis software is increased to effectively take into account the real-time and robustness of the intelligent video analysis software, and meet the intelligent analysis requirements for different resolution video streams such as SDTV and HD, making the intelligent analysis software architecture more rational and efficient; Based on the automatic calibration technology of target characteristics, the ability to adaptive "learning" of back images is enhanced, the probability of false alarms is reduced, and complicated manual calibration is avoided, the difficulty of system debugging is reduced, and the maintainability of the system is improved.

Image acquisition and comparison technology: Further improve the algorithm for image acquisition and comparison based on open space and no-match conditions, eliminate the influence of unfavorable conditions such as complex and changeable on-site lighting and free movement of personnel, improve the accuracy of real-time comparison of the system, and improve In fact, the application value of warfare is used to improve the availability of backstage portrait storage data by automatically eliminating algorithms such as redundant portrait data; and to improve the reliability and real-time performance of automatic search and query comparison of static hetero***ual portrait targets based on large-capacity portraits. In addition, we will increase the research and development of portable and transportable portrait collections compared to terminals, increase suspicious target maneuver control capabilities based on portrait collection and comparison technologies, and vigorously expand the application of portrait acquisition and comparison technologies in the practical application.

Massive video intelligent search technology: further improve the performance of the video semantic analysis (including the semantic feature extraction of video, multi-granular event representation, etc.) algorithm performance, and improve massive video intelligent search based on target or event semantic description and event time, place, region, etc. Real-time and accuracy, while providing mobile target trajectory analysis and display; accelerate the development of portable intelligent video search and comparison of terminal equipment, facilitate the search and investigation of departmental reconnaissance personnel on the independent storage of historical video search, improve the efficiency of video forensics.

Blurring image processing technology: Based on the selection of low-lightness, high-definition cameras and bandwidth of the transmission network as much as possible, further increase the development of fuzzy image processing technologies based on image enhancement, image restoration, and super-resolution reconstruction to improve the weather. The blurry image processing capabilities caused by the target motion, the defocusing of the optical lens, etc. lay the foundation for the subsequent application of intelligent video analysis.

Increase demonstration application efforts to enhance the level of intelligent video analytics applications in actual combat

The key to the breakthrough of security intelligent video analytics level lies in application. Only through actual combat can system performance be truly verified and continuously improved. As a security department, we can neither regard intelligent video analysis technology as an omnipotent "magic bullet", and we should not adopt a passive and passive attitude. Instead, we should actively and steadily improve security based on the application strategy of "demand traction and demonstration first." Video analytics application level. According to the development status of the security intelligent video analysis technology, combined with the urgency of security business requirements, priority can be given to the following demonstration applications:

First consider the occasions where the monitoring scene is relatively fixed, the lighting conditions are easily secured, and the target and behavioral information are highly identifiable (such as inside large-scale event security areas, indoor ATM machines, and prisons, detention centers, detention centers, interrogation rooms, etc.) Carry out automatic analysis of alarming applications of abnormal targets, behaviors and events to improve the safety management and control capabilities of closed environmental areas; develops and implements massive data back-end mining and intelligent association analysis applications such as public security bayonet information identification, electronic*, and city-level crossings, vehicle and vehicle inspection and control, etc. Security check and control capabilities of security bayonet and city road crossings; promotion of large-scale event security zone entrances and exits, railway station high-speed trains (EMUs) passenger self-entry pasغير مجاز مي باشدes, metro station underground pedestrian pasغير مجاز مي باشدes, and other area portrait collection and comparison demonstration applications. The personnel in the public agglomeration area have suspicious target deployment capabilities.

Secondly, intelligent target analysis based on complex backgrounds or scenarios, behavior, and event intelligence analysis are the difficulties in the application of security intelligent video analytics, and it is also a key area for security application. Therefore, under the premise of effective breakthroughs in the development of key technologies such as efficient intelligent video analysis algorithms, it is necessary to selectively select intelligent video analysis depth applications in areas with high crowd concentration and complex public security situations in order to enable intelligent video analytics applications. We will make substantial progress as early as possible in the critical areas of security operations and create necessary conditions for large-scale application of security intelligent video analytics.

Actively explore and practice, strive to break through the traditional mechanism constraints

Innovative product development mechanism. The performance of intelligent video analysis products is highly related to the characteristics of industrial applications. Considering the particularity and sensitivity of the security industry, if the traditional market independent R&D model is used, it is difficult for professional R&D institutions to accurately understand and grasp the complex business needs of security departments. It is also difficult to truly meet the security requirements. In view of this, it is necessary to innovate the “triangulation, integration, and user” tripartite cooperation mechanism in the form of a “joint key laboratory for smart video analytics application technology” based on the principles of “benefit sharing and risk sharing”. In the cooperative R&D process, security users mainly actively involved in the product R&D process by combing application requirements, organization and demonstration construction, and coordinated performance improvement; professional R&D institutions are working hard to improve intelligent video analysis algorithms based on a thorough understanding of security business requirements. Performance improves real-time performance and reliability while reducing the probability of false alarms and false negatives in the system. At the same time, it improves the غير مجاز مي باشدt-effectiveness of intelligent video analysis products. System integrators maximize their performance through camera selection, supplemental lighting, monitoring angle adjustment, and calibration. Provide high-quality surveillance images, highlight monitoring target feature information, and create basic conditions for intelligent video analytics applications. Through the above-mentioned cooperation mechanism, it promotes three-way benign interaction and leads the right direction of security video analytics R&D and application. More importantly, through the sharing of intellectual property rights and research results by security users, the غير مجاز مي باشدt of system construction can be effectively reduced, and the inherent enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of security users can be fully mobilized to accelerate the promotion and application of security video analytics applications.

Expand funding support channels. At present, smart city construction based on core supporting technologies such as the Internet of Things has entered a substantial start-up phase in many domestic cities. Smart security is one of the key applications for the demonstration of Internet of Things, and it has also been included in the scope of smart city construction. Therefore, in order to effectively solve the problem of high price for security intelligent video analysis products due to insufficient application scale, it is possible to build “government scientific research funding support through security users, R&D institutions, and integrators jointly applying for key technology research and demonstration application projects. The company's own funds supporting the "financial security model, expand key technology R & D and demonstration application funding support channels, reduce the pressure of professional R & D funding.

Accelerate the development of standards and norms. The security market management department took the lead in integrating product R&D departments, engineering integrators, third-party testing organizations, and security professional users, and accelerated the research on the development of a standard system framework for security intelligent video analysis applications, from basic functions and overall technical performance requirements to application systems. The corresponding technical standards are compiled in terms of architecture, performance level classification, and detection and authentication methods. At the same time, through the establishment of an “Intelligent Video Analysis Product Certification Testing Center” and other entities, the authority and operability of intelligent video analysis performance authentication are improved. The market access and daily supervision system will be further improved to create a standardized and orderly market environment and promote “protection and protection” for the application of security intelligent video analytics.

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Meet your expectations for good sound TCL new ultra-thin C2 theater TV evaluation

In the spring new product launch, TCL launched a refreshing C2 theater TV. This product focuses on the ultimate audio-visual experience and user-friendly interactive features. It also offers a variety of sizes from the 43-inch to 75-inch version of the 6-inch. Choice, to meet the market needs of different levels of consumption, the following I will take everyone to a simple experience.

First, process design

TCL's new Nordic family design language also appears on C2, incorporating Eastern aesthetic Nordic design, combining aesthetics and craftsmanship, simple contours, slim body, silver fox base, rear concentric line design, parallel space-time sound design , Infiltrate the fashion into the home environment.

Second, sound effects

C2 uses Harman Kardon as the main sound effect, using external expansion speakers hidden in the screen below the screen, and Nordic fashion design integration. The sound uses rare earth permanent magnets and silk film domes to create balanced and full tri-band listening with rich sense of depth. Professional audio must have professional audio tuning and matching, DTS provides a very shocking virtual surround for the TV, better widening the sound field, the TV instantly becomes a home theater!

The Bluetooth function of the mobile phone can turn off the TV screen (turn on the screen to listen to song mode) so that the Harman Kardon audio can be played independently. In addition, with the sound return technology, wearing headphones can completely focus on the fun of watching movies, completely free from outside influence.

Third, the color quality

The C2 Theatre TV uses the QUHD picture quality engine and full ecological HDR technology, which is equivalent to professional color adjustment and dynamic dimming in PS. Through the integration of hardware, software, and content integration problems, we provide advanced HDR solutions - full ecological HDR. On the one hand, to achieve a wider and more precise color gamut coverage, accurate color reproduction; the other hand, the picture has a higher latitude, showing the details become more clear. The summary of the live experience is that the picture quality is gorgeous and the details are not distorted! It is worth mentioning that C2 is also equipped with MEMC motion compensation technology, even if the 4K video is very high, it can also ensure that the motion in the picture is not smudged.

Fourth, border screen

The C2 Theatre TV screen impressed me. Even when the screen is off, you can't help but see two more eyes and then use your hand to confirm if the border disappears. This border is really too narrow! This equilateral and narrow edge design greatly reduces the constraints on the field of vision. It uses the CNC 1mm diamond cutting process + wire drawing process, which is solid and strong, producing a bright metal texture.

Fifth, the external interface

In terms of interfaces, the C2 is equipped with three HDMI, one USB2.0 USB3.0, one network interface, one digital audio interface, and one set of traditional AV interfaces.

Six, remote control design

The key remote control that won the 2017 German iF design award is easy to pick out faults, polymer materials, full ergonomic grip, lightweight and compact, and user-friendly button layout, and smooth blind control actually let me Feel refreshing fun. The remote control also integrates five functions of controlling the set-top box, game controller, air mouse, somatosensory manipulation, and voice manipulation. The utility is still very good.

Seven, voice control

Experienced a voice control, its high recognition rate and speed, make people hooked, as long as it is a popular title you shouted, the voice system can feedback accurate results in about 1 second, do not want to touch Pinyin. In addition, it also supports global control, such as controlling the volume, brightness, fast-forwarding in the video state, and then voice switching to play music, check the weather, check the stock market, and even a round of play is not a problem, fast response and considerate!

Eight, wireless screen

The large screen of the TV combined with the flexibility of the mobile phone can display any video or audio resource of the mobile terminal online or locally through the large screen of the TV. This is the advantage of the wireless screen. For example, a travel video that can't wait to be shared, an electronic remix made by a netizen, or a wonderful picture from Weibo, and shared on a big screen, letting people in the house feel the pleasure of watching. In addition, APP has also set up a wealth of online resources, and supports the shake of smart push, virtual remote control, mobile phone voice control.

Nine, you can bind WeChat

WeChat has become more interesting on the C2 theatre TV. The TV can be combined with WeChat to receive WeChat mesغير مجاز مي باشدes (text) from the mobile phone.

Ten, video call

The TV also supports video calls. Even if you work in a foreign country, you can communicate with your family “face to face”. The user can connect to the TV through the mobile phone Bluetooth in the "home circle". The dynamic picture taken by the mobile phone is presented on the TV screen and the TV can be equipped with a camera.

Eleven, the system is more concise

The latest version of the TCL TV+OS 3.0 system comes with the C2 theatre TV. The operation is more concise and the interface is flatter than in the 2.0 era. The TV uses the MSM838A processor (1.7GHz) and 2GB of operating memory. The silky smoothness made me feel good, there was no Caton in the switching interface and the normal operation, and the layout of each interface could be re-typed, so I had more initiative.

The film and television platform uses Tencent's domestic first-line video, and hundreds of thousands of hours of massive resources are enough for you to stay at home and watch the latest movies and television updates every day. Penguin Cinema, 4K Zone, HDR Zone, DTS Zone and other resources The coverage is also very wide. To cater for users with different needs and ages, TV+OS 3.0 also provides live and consummate living services such as live shows, hot variety shows, NBA events, lifestyle shopping, AR/VR games, C sports, K songs, and apps.

to sum up:

The TCL C2 Theatre TV has a minimalist European style design and exquisite body craftsmanship. QHUD image quality engine + full ecological HDR technology ensures accurate color reproduction, and restores details in real life. Harman Kardon Audio has redefined the high quality sound on the TV with its excellent tri-band performance and powerful surround sound. The human-computer interaction is no longer a single, intuitive and easy-to-use and resource-rich TV + OS 3.0 system, accurate recognition of the voice assistant, multi-screen gameplay interaction, sound backhaul technology, etc., each of which allows users to put it down.


Smart TV/box information can focus on smart TV information network sofa butler (http://), China's influential TV box and smart TV website, providing information, communication, TV boxes, smart TVs, smart TV software, etc. Answering questions.

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Common Faults and Solutions in Relay Electrical Control Circuits

The relay is a kind of electrical appliance that controls or protects the task by turning on or off the control circuit according to external input signals such as changes in electrical quantity (voltage, current) or non-electrical quantity (heat, time, speed, etc.) There are three basic parts, namely the sensing mechanism, the intermediate mechanism and the executing mechanism, and the article describes the troubleshooting methods that they produce.

1, the maintenance of the sensing mechanism

For electromagnetic (voltage, current, intermediate) relays, the sensing mechanism is an electromagnetic system. The faults of the electromagnetic system are mainly concentrated in the coil and the moving and static core parts.

(1) Troubleshooting coils

Coil failure usually has damage to the coil insulation; the formation of a short circuit or ground due to a mechanical injury; due to the power supply voltage is too low, static and dynamic iron core contact is not tight, so that the current through the coil is too large, the coil heat to burn. When it is repaired, it should be re-wound. If the armature does not pick up after the coil is energized, it may be that the coil lead-out line is disconnected and the coil is disconnected. Check out the drop off after welding.

(2) Iron core troubleshooting

Core faults are mainly due to the armature not being able to suck up after being energized. This may be due to a broken coil, foreign matter between the moving and stationary iron cores, and low power supply voltage. Should be repaired in different situations.

After power on, the armature is noisy. This may be due to the fact that the contact surfaces of the moving and static cores are not even or have oil contamination. When repairing, the coil should be removed, flattened or flattened its contact surface; if there is oil, it should be cleaned.

The noise may be caused by a short circuit or a broken ring. Repair or replace the new short circuit ring.

After the power is cut off, the armature cannot be released immediately. This may be caused by the moving iron core being trapped, the air gap of the iron core being too small, the strain of the spring and the contact surface of the core being oily. Maintenance should be treated differently for the cause of the fault, or adjust the air gap to protect it at 0.02 ~ 0.05mm, or replace the spring, or use gasoline to clean the oil. For thermal relays, the sensing mechanism is a thermal element. Common faults are burnout of the thermal element or malfunction or failure of the thermal element.

(1) The thermal element is burned out. This may be due to a short circuit on the load side or a high frequency of operation of the thermal element. The thermal element should be replaced during the inspection and the setting value should be readjusted.

(2) The thermal device malfunctions. This may be due to the fact that the setting value is too small, the action is not overloaded, or there is a strong shock and vibration in the use case, which causes the action mechanism to loosen and trip and cause a malfunction.

(3) The thermal element does not operate. This may be due to the fact that the setting value is too small and the thermal element loses its overload protection function. During the overhaul, the setting current should be adjusted according to the load operating current.

2, the implementation of the overhaul

Most relay actuators are contact systems. Through its "pass" and "off", to complete certain control functions. Faults in contact systems generally include contact overheating, wear, and welding. The main cause of contact overheating is insufficient capacity, contact pressure is not enough, the surface is oxidized or unclean; the main cause of increased wear is the contact capacity is too small, the arc temperature is too high to make contact metal oxidation, etc. The main reason for welding is arc temperature is too high, or the contact is severely beaten. The contact maintenance sequence is as follows:

(1) Open the cover and check the contact surface condition.

(2) If the contact surface is oxidized, the silver contact may not be repaired, and the copper contact may be smoothed or lightly scraped off the oxide layer on the surface with a knife.

(3) If the contact surface is not clean, it can be cleaned with gasoline or carbon tetrachloride.

(4) If there are burn scars on the surface of the contacts, the silver contacts may not need to be repaired, and the copper contacts may be repaired with a glittering or knife. It is not allowed to use abrasive cloth or sandpaper for refurbishment, so as to avoid residual sand particles and cause poor contact.

(5) Contacts If welding, replace the contacts. If the contact capacity is too small, replace the relay with a large capacity.

(6) If the contact pressure is insufficient, adjust the spring or replace the spring to increase the pressure. If the pressure is still not enough, replace the contacts.

3, the overhaul of the intermediate institutions

(1) For air-type time relays, the intermediate mechanism is mainly airbags. The common fault is delay time. This may be due to loose airbag seal or leak, so that the action delay is shortened, or even not delayed; may also be airbag air channel blockage, so that the action delay becomes longer. When repairing, the former should be reassembled or replaced with a new one. For the latter, the air chamber should be disassembled to remove the blockage.

(2) For speed relays, the bakelite pendulum is an intermediate mechanism. If the motor can not stop when the brake is reversed, the bakelite pendulum rod may be broken. It should be replaced when overhauled.

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Bestware Pre-rinse Faucet brings the fine design and high technology together in all areas of the product process beyond  Sink Faucet , Commercial Faucet and Commercial Kitchen Faucet. With extensive range of components, we can offer a large selection of both standard Pull Out Faucet and custom  Basin Tap  units as well as flexible combination. Stainless steel is 100% recyclable and is comprised of over 60% recycled material,  Bestware faucets are the perfect solution in the commercial and industry for better water quality and the circumvention of the development of deleterious substances and bacteria. No plating, no oxidizing, no rust, lead free.

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What kind of woman is the most beautiful? How to create a real perfect curve?

Different age, different body shape, different physiological stages of women, have their own different states of mind, this time you need different underwear products to create the perfect waist and curves, hidden humble insignificant, with comfortable and beautiful underwear to combat the years Factors left traces of the female body to maintain a young and elegant body.

立美力-BuildingBeauty

This year's hot structuralism not only appeared in the coat, underwear is also a large number of the use of this design approach, bright nude color fabric and black lines hit the color stitching, while maintaining the basic functions of underwear to highlight distinctive visual impact.

什么样的女人最美?如何打造真正的完美曲线?

All women will attach great importance to the shape of the chest curve, because you can see in front, but often overlook the beauty behind the lines, life work and do not pay attention to standing and sitting posture, resulting in bad habits with chest hump, this bra straps Style design techniques, body shape correction, to create a real perfect curve. (Source: Building Beauty 立美 力 内衣)

Fancy Woven Fabric

Shaoxing City Shenglin Import And Export Co.,Ltd , https://www.shineogroup.com


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CorelDRAW drawing goldfish feed three-dimensional packaging process (1)

In CorelDRAW, we can use the three-dimensional function to create realistic three-dimensional perspective effects for some images. On this basis, we can add corresponding bottom, side, and projections along the perspective of the three-dimensional image. If so, the three-dimensional image can be rendered more realistic! Moreover, this method is particularly suitable for the packaging design of goods. Therefore, in the textbook of this example, we will learn how to use the function of the CorelDRAW stereoscopic to make the box appear three-dimensionally by drawing a box of goldfish feed.

Start CorelDRAW and create a new file. In order to make it easier to fill in the various colors for the object in the next drawing, we first click on the menu "window - docker - color" command to call up the "palette" docker, and in the color type Choose RGB. As shown in Figure 01.


Let's draw the front of this box first. Click the "Rectangle tool" on the toolbar and draw a rectangle in the work area. Then set the width and height of the rectangle to 69 and 39 mm in the property bar of the rectangle. Then in the "Palette" docker, set the rectangle fill color RGB values: R = 246, G = 189, B = 0. Right-click the colorless button at the top of the color bar to cancel its outline color. The effect is shown in Figure 02.

Click on the "hand-painted tool", and in its property box, set the value of "hand-painted smooth" to 100, and then draw a wavy irregularly shaped wave coil along the four sides in this rectangle to simulate water wave effect. . Then set the fill color for the object in the Palette docker. The RGB values ​​are: R=255, G=245, B=0. Then right-click the colorless button at the top of the color bar to cancel its outline color, as shown in Fig.03.

Let's draw a goldfish below. First select the "Art Pen Tool" in the toolbar, and then select "Spray Can" mode in its property bar, as shown in Figure 04.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Pull or Knob by Type

Cabinet Knobs and Pulls

Cabinet Knobs and Pulls, cabinet knobs, knobs and pulls, drawer pulls and knobs, kitchen knobs and pulls

Shenzhen Hongjingyuan Metal&Plastic Products Co., Ltd. , https://www.hjypull.com


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Glyphosate beautiful "money" into reality

After the Spring Festival this year, the sales price of glyphosate in the East China market reached 90,000 yuan (t price, the same below). Compared with the long-term price of between 35,000 and 50,000 yuan in 2007, the current market has no doubt Manufacturers and sellers are excited. This means that after the consolidation of China's glyphosate market in 2007, the price stalemate has been broken, and the beautiful “money” scene of the glyphosate industry is becoming a reality.
Demand to stimulate the expansion of glyphosate Nowadays, glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, is the largest pesticide in the world, accounting for 30% to 35% of the total herbicide market. A good market situation will promote the further expansion of China's glyphosate industry in 2008. Market experts predict that this year's production capacity will double over the previous year to nearly 800,000 tons. The largest glyphosate manufacturer in China is Zhejiang Xin'an Chemical Co., Ltd. The company expanded 30,000 to 50,000 tons of glyphosate units in 2007. Its driving force is the demand of international and domestic markets.
A senior market person from Anhui Huaxing Company believes that global glyphosate will maintain its best-selling position in the next three years. There are three main reasons: First, in 2008, the recovery and development of agriculture in many countries in South America and Asia, the demand for glyphosate increased rapidly; Second, the United States Monsanto Company with the largest production of glyphosate in the world under the pressure of environmental protection, At the beginning of this year, it gave up its investment in further expansion of glyphosate, and its supply will not continue to grow this year. Third, China's strong demand for agricultural products and the rapid expansion of the planting area of ​​genetically modified crops have become an important factor in the rapid growth of demand for glyphosate.
The relevant personages of several agrochemical enterprises in Hefei said that in addition to the factors of insufficiency in supply, the increase in the price of raw materials is also an important factor in promoting the price increase of glyphosate. Compared with the same period of 2007, the prices of many major raw materials of glyphosate rose by an average of over 40%. In particular, diethanolamine, a major raw material for the production of glyphosate by the diethanolamine method, is not only priced at around 20,000 yuan per ton, but also very high. A tight chemical product, some domestic glyphosate manufacturers have to purchase diethanolamine from the international market.
In addition, the increase in transportation غير مجاز مي باشدts and environmental protection investment has also contributed to the increase in the price of glyphosate. The rise in oil prices directly contributed to the increase in shipping غير مجاز مي باشدts. In 2007, after the occurrence of the “Taipei Cyanobacterial Incident” in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, the state increased the supervision of the environmental protection of pesticide companies. The domestic pesticide production enterprises had to increase their investment in environmental protection facilities, thereby increasing the production غير مجاز مي باشدts of pesticide products such as glyphosate. , Which in turn pushed the price of glyphosate to rise.
Middlemen push prices to rise Faced with the high returns of the glyphosate market both at home and abroad, China's middlemen have discovered their business opportunities with a keen sense of smell. According to industry insiders, glyphosate has significantly increased prices in recent times, which has stimulated the enthusiasm of domestic pesticide distributors. The active involvement of middlemen not only stimulated the enthusiasm of domestic glyphosate manufacturers, but also directly stimulated the market price of glyphosate to the high-end sprint of 100,000 yuan. A glyphosate primary dealer in Anhui said that their glyphosate is currently shipping at a price of 92,000 yuan and has not been obstructed by users. From this they estimated that glyphosate will soon be expected to rush to the 0,000 mark.
It is understood that China's glyphosate manufacturing enterprises basically have no right to speak, the dominant position of market sales in the hands of pesticide dealers around. Glyphosate powder is added to facilitate storage and transportation, and high profits have attracted pesticide dealers to increase their reserves of glyphosate. An industry insider in Zhejiang believes that in early March of this year, the sales price of glyphosate foreign trade reached 96,000 yuan, which was largely due to the boost of dealers. It is understood that Anhui Huaxing Chemical Company recently formed its own pesticide sales team to distribute a high-profit cup of glyphosate in the sales process.
The government will increase supervision. In 2008, the state will pay more attention to energy conservation and emission reduction. The policy will regulate the environmental assessment and safety assessment of pesticides such as glyphosate, as well as the registration, licensing and fixed-point production qualification of pesticide production. It will become more and more strict. The time required for policy approval procedures is generally longer, and it takes about 1 to 2 years. For the domestic new generation of glyphosate manufacturers, not only face capital and administrative barriers, environmental protection requirements and access to raw material exports will also be a major obstacle.
At present, the domestic industry is currently drafting an upsurge in the expansion of the production of Ganlin, the industry outlook is widely optimistic about the market, the future growth of the industry also needs to be further excavated. The responsibility of the government is to regulate the production and sales channels of pesticide products such as glyphosate and conduct strict inspections on environmental protection, safety, and other aspects to make it healthy. In this context, the long-term development of the glyphosate industry will be strongly supported.

   

HVAC Filter

Exhaust System Co., Ltd. , http://www.emotorcycleparts.com


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High Quality Automatic PVC Mixer Machine Color Mixer

                            Layout Type: Horizontal

                       

   

                            Mixing Drum Shape: Double Cone

                       

   

                            Additional Capabilities: Milling, Mixing,Shearing and Homogenizing

                       

   

                            Operating type: Continuous Operating

                       

   

                            Condition: New

                       

   

                            Trademark: Yuxiang

                       

   

                            Transport Package: Wooden Case

                       

   

                            Specification: As specification

                       

   

                            Origin: China

                       

 

                   

General Introduction

High Quality Automatic PVC Mixer Machine Color Mixer

This machine is vacuum emulsifying mixer.It is a processing equipment with mixing, homogenizing, emulsifying,heating fuction, etc.The machine is widely used to produce غير مجاز مي باشدmetic cream,lotion,as well as food cream,paste ,etc.It is the first choice of غير مجاز مي باشدmetic factory which manufacture high quality products. The machine adopts the component of international famous brands, which ensure durable quality and operational stability of the machine. According to the feedback from our customers, this design style provides great satisfaction performance to them.This device is mainly composed of Water phase pot, Oil phase pot, Emulsifying pot, Vacuum system, Lifting system(optional), Electric control system, Operation platform etc.

Vacuum Emulsifying Mixer Features

  • SIEMENS frequency converter for speed adjustment, which can meet production of different technology requirement.
  • The vacuum defoaming can make the materials meet the requirement of being aseptic.The vacuum material sucking adopted can avoid dust,especially for the powder products.
  • Burgmann mechanical sealing, good sealing effect and long working life.

  • The tank body and the pipes adopt mirror polishing, which fully conforms to GMP standards.

  • Material contact parts all use SUS316L stainless steel.

  • The heating method mainly include electric or steam heating for customer's choice.

  • Advanced PLC touch screen control is optional.

  • The emulsifying pot lid can adopt hydraulic lifting system, easy to clean and the cleaning effect is more obvious, the emulsifying pot can adopt tilt discharge.

Advantage

  • It's used for produce the cream, lotion, paste, ointment, paste, conditioner, etc. Complex scraping board blending oar is suitable to every kind of complicated recipe and achieve optimizing effect;
  • Polytetrafluroethylene scraping board cater to body of blending groove and scrape out visغير مجاز مي باشدity material on boiler wall;
  • Homogenizer is installed on boiler bottom to increase motor power more thoroughly and strongly. During few production, it can exert homogenizing effect fully;
  • Mightiness balance isotactic curve rotor is matched with stator with corresponding structure to realize liquid high-capability cut,rubbing,centrifugal to make sure exquisite and slick cream; boiler body and pipe surface mirror polishing 300EMSH (sanitation grade) accords with Daily Chemical and GMP regulation.
  • Customer can choose frequency conversion timing homogenizer and highest rotate speed is 4500 r/min.


High Quality Automatic PVC Mixer Machine Color Mixer


High Quality Automatic PVC Mixer Machine Color Mixer
Founded in 2000, with 5 production lines and covering an area of 12,000 square meters, our factory has developed into a professional manufacturer of غير مجاز مي باشدmetics machinery and equipment, by integrating R&D, manafacturing, sales and service. Advanced production equipments are the guarantee for high quality products.
High Quality Automatic PVC Mixer Machine Color Mixer

Our product catagories mainly include: Vacuum emulsifying mixer, Liquid washing mixer, Water treatment equipment, Perfume machine, Filling machine, Packing machine, Labeling machine etc. We are able to supply a wide range of high quality products for your One-stop sourcing in our exhibition center.
High Quality Automatic PVC Mixer Machine Color Mixer
We attend exhibitions all around the word every year.You are welcomed to see our product and new designed item there .We hope a face to face communicate and service could helpful to our cooperation.
High Quality Automatic PVC Mixer Machine Color Mixer
When we make delivery ,the products will be packed in wooden case to avoid of destroy.
High Quality Automatic PVC Mixer Machine Color Mixer

A quality department has been set up to control the product quality during every process of production. For years, we are strictly implementing International Quality Management System ISO 9001.

                           

Customized Mini CNC Router

ELE Cnc Router,ELE ATC Cnc Router Co., Ltd.  , http://www.nbcncrouter.com


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Explore non-contact IC card smart water controller design issues

introduction

With the development of the social economy, the national economy has become more and more dependent on water resources, and the shortage of water resources has become increasingly serious. On campus, the majority of contemporary students lack the ability to live independently. They do not have enough awareness of energy conservation, and there is often a waste of public water. Therefore, how to protect students' normal water use while avoiding unnecessary waste has become the focus of school logistics management services. The non-contact IC card intelligent water controller studied in this paper can not only effectively improve students' water-saving awareness, but also adapt to the current trend of campus intelligent management.

1, the principle of intelligent water controller

The non-contact IC card intelligent water controller is based on radio frequency identification technology. Here, the non-contact IC card uses the Mifare1 card from PHILIPS. When the system is working, the antenna coil connected to the internal dedicated card reader chip of the intelligent water controller will continuously emit a set of electromagnetic waves with a fixed frequency of 13.56MHz. When the Mifare1 card approaches, the LC series resonant circuit in the card will generate resonance. This causes the capacitor to charge and generate charge. When the capacitor is charged to 2V, the capacitor provides the operating voltage for the other circuits on the card as a power source, so that the data in the card can be transmitted or the water controller data can be received and saved.

Smart water controllers are used in schools that have adopted a campus card system and are installed in places where there are taps. When the user places the card in the sensing area of ​​the water controller card, the card reader chip will obtain the information on the card, and send the relevant data back to the microcontroller. The MCU controls the digital tube to display the user balance, and then judges whether the balance is greater than the unit. The deduction amount, if the balance is enough, then the control solenoid valve opens, and the water flow sensor converts the flowing water into an electric pulse signal and inputs the single-chip microcomputer. After that, the single-chip microcomputer converts the amount of water into the amount and deducts the charge by the preset rate. Dynamic real-time display of the user's current amount. When the card is taken away, the SCM automatically closes the solenoid valve and stops the water supply. The water controller then enters the standby state, displaying only the current time and the water temperature. The card consumption information can be queried by the upper computer software.

2, intelligent water controller hardware design

According to functional design requirements, the intelligent water controller hardware circuit mainly includes a main control module, a radio frequency module, a solenoid valve control module, a flow measurement module, a display module, and the like. Intelligent water controller hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1.

2.1 main control module

The main control module consists of a single-chip microcomputer and its peripheral circuits. By comprehensively considering factors such as memory capacity, I/O port number, and development غير مجاز مي باشدt, the 8-bit microprocessor STC11F16XE developed by Hongjing Technology Corporation was selected as the single-chip chip in this design. STC11F16XE instruction code is fully compatible with the traditional 8051, its speed is 8-12 times faster, and the price is low. This processor has 16kbytes of FLASH read-only program memory that can be erased and written more than 100,000 times on-chip, enough to load the program, without expansion. Containing 1280 bytes of RAM and 32 kbytes of EEPROM, the specific parameters required by the system can be saved, and data can be manipulated even after the power is turned off, thereby greatly reducing circuit complexity and reducing development غير مجاز مي باشدts. There are up to 40 I/Os on the chip, and each I/O port drive capability can reach 20mA, which can meet the requirements of the system's multi-module interface. Its internal circuit also introduces the watchdog function, strong anti-interference ability.

The STC11F16XE chip is connected with RF, electromagnetic valve control, flow measurement, temperature sensing, clock, display, and communication function modules. It is the control core of the entire water control system circuit. Interface circuit of the port of the one-chip computer and other module are shown as in Fig. 2.

2.2 RF Module

The corresponding reading and writing device matched with the Mifare1 card includes a card reading and writing component and a special reading card chip. Due to the miniaturization design requirements of products, only reader chips are considered. Since the design uses a parallel interface for data transmission, the RF module reader chip is determined to be MFRC500.

The MFRC500 is a small Mifare card RF base station with a maximum operating distance of 10 cm. Its functions include modulation, demodulation, RF signal generation, security management and anti-collision mechanisms. The internal structure of the MFRC500 can be divided into RF area and interface area. The RF area includes a modem and power supply circuit and is directly connected to the antenna. The interface area has a port connected to the MCU and also includes a transceiver connected to the RF area, and the 64B. Data buffer, EEPROM for storing three sets of register initialization files, write-only memory for storing 16 sets of keys, password mechanism with three verifications and data encryption, anti-collision prevention anti-collision module and control unit.

The MFRC 500 modulates the transmission data according to the setting of its register, and first obtains the transmission signal, and then transmits it in the form of an electromagnetic wave of 13.56 MHz through the antenna driven by the antenna driving pins TX1 and TX2. At the same time, Mifare cards in their RF range respond with load modulation of the RF field. After receiving the card's response signal, the antenna is sent to the receiving pin RX of the MFRC500 through the antenna matching circuit. Finally, the receiver inside the chip demodulates and decodes the received signal and processes the data according to the setting of the register. Sending data to the parallel interface D0-D7 is read by the microcontroller.

2.3 solenoid valve control module

In this design, a 5V bi-stable solenoid valve is used to control the water flow-off. Due to the limited drive capability of the microcontroller I/O port, and the fact that the solenoid valve will cause significant interference to the microcontroller, an additional drive circuit is required. Taking into account the use of a combination of transistors, but this circuit composed of discrete components is cumbersome, and the success rate is not high, so the use of integrated chip L9110, so that the غير مجاز مي باشدt of peripheral devices to reduce the overall reliability. The L9110 is a two-channel push-pull power amplification ASIC designed for controlling and driving motors. Its wide power supply voltage range is 2.5V-12V, each channel has a continuous current output capability of 800mA, and the peak current capability is Up to 1.5-2.0A. It is compatible with TTL/CMOS output levels and has good noise immunity, allowing direct connection to the microcontroller.

2.4 Flow Measurement Module

The design flow metering module is mainly to install sensor parts on the ordinary water meter, and collect and process the flow signal. By contrast, although photoelectric sensors and Hall sensors have high sensitivity and no contact, they all have high power consumption, increase system power supply complexity, and are susceptible to power interference. The reed sensor only consumes a small amount at the moment of contact, but its physical structure is flawed and affects the accuracy of data acquisition. Therefore, a double reed sensor is used, two reed pipes are installed at a certain angle near the meter counting dial, and the magnet is mounted on the meter counting plate. When the counter rotates and the magnet rotates close to the reed switch, the reed contact pulls in; when the magnet moves away, the reed contact opens and a pulse signal is sent out. When the counting plate rotates one revolution, both reed pipes have a pulse signal, and the phase difference of the two signals is the same as the angle of the two reed pipes installed. At this time, the single chip microcomputer registers the amount of water once. This design can effectively reduce the measurement error caused by the water supply pipe problem, and can prevent the strong magnetic interference intelligent water controller from working normally.

2.5 Display Module

The system displays the current time and water temperature in the standby state. When using swiping water, it is necessary to display the consumption balance and temperature, because these parameters only need to display the numbers. From the perspective of product غير مجاز مي باشدt, only the LED digital tube display can be used. The design adopts an eight-segment seven-segment digital tube display. The first two digits of the digital tube are used to display the current water temperature in standby mode, and the last six are used to display the time; the first two digits are used to display the current water temperature when the card is swiped, and the last six are the current IC cards. The balance can be exactly to the minute. In addition, four keys are needed to adjust the time to ensure accurate travel time. In order to save the port of the one-chip computer, adopt the serial communication way to drive the specialized digital tube chip HD7279 in the design. The chip is a chip with a serial interface, without the need for external components can be directly driven 8-bit common cathode digital tube and scanning 64-key matrix keyboard (or 64 independent LED) intelligent display driver chip. Its internal contains BCD decoder, can directly accept BCD code, and has the ability to identify a variety of instructions, such as blanking, blinking, left shift, right shift, segment addressing and so on.

2.6 Clock Module

The clock module selects a typical serial real-time clock chip DS1302. The temperature detection module uses a DS18B20 integrated temperature sensor. The communication module uses RS232 serial communication to achieve communication between the water controller and the host computer. The alarm module circuit is mainly composed of a PNP transistor and a buzzer. The composition of the device is not described in detail here due to limited space.

3, smart water controller software design

After the hardware circuit is determined, there must be software support to realize the function operation, and the design of the software directly affects the performance of the intelligent water controller. This design adopts C51 language to write the program, this program adopts the modular design method according to functional design requirements, including main program, card operation function program, data display function program, solenoid valve control function program, consumption processing function program, data storage function program , Data upload function program. Each function program consists of several functions. The main program includes the initialization of the SCM, the display cache, and the MFRC500 initialization system initialization program. The main program flow chart is shown in Figure 3.

4、Intelligent water controller technical parameters

According to the design of this paper, the prototype developed in addition to the realization of functions, but also refer to the CJ/T133-2001 "IC card cold water meter" of the People's Republic of China town construction industry, the prototype is placed at a temperature of 5 °C -110 °C, relative humidity is 5 The main parameters were tested in a test environment of %-75% and atmospheric pressure of 86kPa-106kPa.

Tests show that the non-contact IC card intelligent water controller can operate normally continuously with a normal operating voltage value of 9V, a static power consumption of approximately 0.5W, a maximum dynamic power consumption of approximately 1W, and a base-table display error of less than ±0. 5%.

5. Concluding remarks

This article mainly discusses the design of non-contact IC card intelligent water controller. According to the design requirements of the intelligent water controller, the STC11F16XE is used as the main control chip, and the integrated design of the peripheral interface circuit such as the radio frequency card reader MFRC500 and the solenoid valve control is completed. This kind of prototype can display the current time and water temperature normally, and can control water consumption normally. It can also save user's consumption information and upload it to the upper computer. The technical parameter test results show that this design scheme is feasible and the system is stable in operation and can meet the measurement accuracy requirements.

CAP

Pipe Fitting,Weld Neck Flange,ASME Flange Co., Ltd. , http://www.shflangeforging.com


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March 13 Harbin Steel Market Price Quotes

Product Name Specification Material Steel/Origin Price (Yuan/Ton) Than Yesterday Last Month Than General Line Φ6.5mm Q235 Tong Steel 4970 0 0 620 Common Line Φ8mm Q235 Tong Steel 4970 0 0 620 High Line Φ6.5-10mm Q235 Xilin 5020 0 0 620 High Line Φ6.5-10mm Q235 Steel 5020 0 0 620 High Line Φ10mm Q235 Beitai 5020 0 0 620 High Line Φ10mm Q235 Xinfu 5020 0 0 620 Rebar Φ12-14mm HRB335 Steel 50000 0 570 Rebar Φ12-14mm HRB335 Xilin 5000 0 0 570 Rebar Φ12-14mm HRB335 Wugang 5000 0 0 570 Rebar Φ16-25mm HRB335 Tongsteel 4900 0 0 570 Rebar Φ16-25mm HRB335 Xilin 4900 0 0 570 Rebar Φ16 -25mm HRB335 Jianlong 4900 0 0 570 Rebar Φ12mm HRB400 Tongsteel/Xilin 5050 0 0 620 Rebar Φ14mm HRB400 Tongsteel/Xilin 5050 0 0 620 Rebar Φ16-25mm HRB400 Tongsteel/Silin 5020 0 0 670 Hot rolled coil 2.0mm*1050*C Q235 Angang (1700) 5750 0 0 770 Hot rolled coil 2.5mm*1050*C Q235 Angang (1700) 5650 0 0 750 Hot rolled coil 2.75mm*1050*C Q235 Angang (1700) 5600 0 0 770 Hot rolled coil 3.0mm*1250*C Q235 Angang (1700) 5650 0 100 850 Hot rolled coil 4.75mm*1500*C Q235 Angang (1700) 5400 0 5 0 750 Hot rolled coil 3.0mm*1250*C Q235 Benxi Steel 5650 0 100 850 Hot Roll 5.5-7.5mm*1250*C Q235 Ben Steel 5400 0 50 750 Hot Roll 3.0mm*1250*C Q235 Tang Steel 5600 0 50 800 Hot rolled coil 5.5mm*1250*C Q235 Tang Steel 5400 0 50 750 Hot rolled coil 3.0mm*1250*C Q235 Steel 5650 0 0 850 Cold rolled sheet 1.0mm*1000*2000 Q195 Ansteel 6750 0 100 900 Cold Rolled plate 2.0mm*1000*2000 Q195 Angang 6650 0 100 900 Cold rolled plate 2.5mm*1000*2000 Q195 Angang 6600 0 150 900 Cold rolled plate 3.0mm*1000*2000 Q195 Angang 6850 0 50 950 Cold rolled plate 2.0mm* 1000*2500 Q195 Baotou Steel 6600 0 100 950 Cold Rolled Plate 1.0mm*1000*2000 Q195 Benxi Steel 6650 0 100 850 Puzhong Plate 8mm Q235 Sky Steel 6150 0 0 450 Puzhong Plate 10mm Q235 Sky Steel 6100 0 50 750 Puzhong Plate 16-25mm Q235 Sky Steel 5950 0 100 870 Low Alloy Plate 16-25mm Q345 Sky Steel 6050 0 50 810 Low Alloy Plate 16-25mm Q345 Jinan Steel 6100 0 50 660 Low Alloy Plate 16-25mm Q345 Angang 6100 0 50 660 Color Coil 0.426mm*1000*C SGCC Tianjin Xinyu 7050 0 0 300 Color Coil 0.476mm*1000*C SGCC Tianjin Xinyu 6950 0 0 350 Galvanized Coil 0.5mm*1000*C SGCC Hengtong 6600 0 0 700 Galvanized Coil 1.0 Mm*1000*C ST02Z Benson Steel 6300 0 0 800 welded pipe 1 inch *3.25mm Q235 birch forest 5280 0 0 340 welded pipe 2 inch *3.5mm Q235 birch forest 5230 0 0 330 welded pipe 3 inch * 4.0mm Q235 birch forest 5230 0 0 330 I-beam 12# Q235 A-steel 4950 0 0 600 I-beam 26# Q235 Angang 5050 0 0 350 Channel 16# Q235 A-steel 4950 0 0 600 Channel 25# Q235 Laiwu Steel/ 0 0 0 Angle Steel 50*5mm Q235 Tong Steel 4850 0 0 450 Angle Steel 100*10mm Q235 Steel 4800 0 0 300

 

Rice Bowl

Porcelain Rice Bowl,Ceramic Salad Bowl,Wholesale Porcelain Bowl

Al Maaly International Trading Co., Ltd. , http://www.sd-ceramic.com


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