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Problems and Solutions in the Operation of Social Security Cards

Since China began promoting social security cards nationwide and loading financial functions in 2011, a nationwide unified social security service system has been established. From the perspective of basic functions, social security cards have advantages in changing information, enjoying services, facilitating payment, saving غير مجاز مي باشدts, improving operational efficiency, and realizing national co-ordination, which provides both the government and citizens with many advantages. However, at the same time, the personal accounts of pension insurance, the complexity of coordination management between government departments and banks, and the risk of information leakage or misappropriation are also problems that cannot be ignored in the operation of social security cards. They need to be taken seriously and resolved by the relevant departments to maximize their use. Social security card's role for society and people.

The full name of the social security card is the “Social Security Card of the People's Republic of China”, which is planned by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and distributed by the local labor and social security departments to the public for integrated circuit cards in various fields of labor and social security. It is distributed to people who participate in social security. Its content includes both social insurance and employment services, involving all aspects of individual social security.

First, the development of social security cards

As early as the beginning of the 21st century, some areas in the country have already begun to try social security cards. From the social security certificates and labor security cards issued by some local governments and generally used by the local governments, to medical security cards that are later used in more areas, China is constantly trying to collect, identify, exchange, and share information in a form of financial information. The integrated approach facilitates the collection and use of social insurance premiums. In Shenzhen, for example, the city began to use employee social insurance certificates very early. In 2005, it also promoted the general labor security card in the city. Since March 3, 2008, it has issued another card within the city with "a card." The social security card with features such as "multiple use" and "national common" replaced the original Shenzhen labor protection card.

On August 30, 2011, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the People’s Bank of China jointly issued the “Notice on the Financial Function of Social Security Card Loading”, and announced that the social security card will adopt the national unified standard and the social security number shall be in accordance with the “Social Insurance Law”. The relevant regulations adopt a citizenship number. Since then, China's social security card has entered a new stage of development and a nationwide unified social security service system has been established. In the coming years, in addition to basic functions such as information recording and enquiry, identity certificates and fee payment, settlement and collection, China Social Security Cards will also have financial functions such as microfinance payments, bank card uغير مجاز مي باشدe, and financial value-added services. This "one card" form of social security card will greatly facilitate people's daily life.

Second, the advantages of social security card

In accordance with the principle of "one card for multiple uses, universal use", the social security card will be produced using a unified national standard. It will focus on the five major social insurances, including medical care, pension, work injury, maternity, and unemployment, centering on labor and social security business services. application. This undoubtedly provides many conveniences for the competent authorities and citizens.

1. Convenient citizens to change personal information in a timely manner. For example, if a person is suddenly unemployed, there will be a major change in the source and amount of his income. The rate of social insurance and the way in which contributions are paid will correspondingly change. Within a certain period of time, he may also receive unemployment insurance benefits. Under the current sub-sector management system, he needs to go to different departments to make personal information changes, not only to go around, but also there is a time lag between the changes in information of various departments, which brings inconvenience for citizens to enjoy social security in a timely manner. After the implementation of the single card, he only needs to go to the local competent authority to make a record change to complete the work that can be done several times in the sub-sector management, and enjoy the basic social security services matching his own situation as soon as possible.

2. Provide facilities for citizens to enjoy social security services. After adopting the social security one-card format, people can use only one card to complete the authentication of their identity. There is no need to use various types of certificates such as medical security cards, old-age insurance certificates, and identity cards, so that people can enjoy social security services more conveniently. At the same time, the five major social security services have been integrated into a unified management system, which has improved the service efficiency of various departments and saved time and manpower.

3. Save the construction and maintenance غير مجاز مي باشدts of information management systems, as well as the human and material resources for information collection. At present, the national social security work is managed separately by civil affairs, health, labor, and other related departments. Each department establishes an information management system that is applied top and bottom within the system according to the development needs of their work and the demand for information. Construction and waste. After setting up a nationwide general social security information management system and implementing a national unified management plan for information, it not only saves system development and maintenance غير مجاز مي باشدts, but also saves manpower and material resources for collecting citizen’s personal information. At the same time, it provides the agency and the broad masses of people with It's convenient.

4. Save غير مجاز مي باشدts for the collection and management of various social insurance غير مجاز مي باشدts. Different social security items, such as endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and work-related injury insurance, are included in a unified management system. Once the monthly collection fees are collected after accounting, it is possible to save the manpower and material resources for the collection of fees, and it can also be used for The fund management after payment saves غير مجاز مي باشدts.

5. Improve the efficiency of social security fund investment operations and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. At present, the returns on the investment and operation of social security funds in various regions are different. In economically developed regions, their financial markets are more developed, and social security funds are easier to maintain and increase in value. Social security benefits received by residents in the region also have stronger financial support. In economically backward regions, the fund's base is smaller than the former. There are not enough investment opportunities to achieve the purpose of maintaining or adding value. The originally collected social security funds often fall into the dilemma of overspent, further widening the economic gap between urban and rural areas, social security gaps, and the gap in the living standards of residents. Under the current sub-sector management system, there is no complete system approach to coordinate this gap. This will inevitably affect the enthusiasm of all localities to join the national co-ordination, so the realization of the national management of social security funds is also necessary to achieve the social security card. The road.

6. Create possibilities for the realization of the overall planning of social security. At present, the number and proportion of the flexible employment population in China are on the rise. Their labor relations, employment, working hours, and wage income are all uncertain. The current unified regional social security system limits the flow of people and enables flexible employment. Life can not get a stable basic guarantee. With the intercommunication of different geographic information systems, the gradually established and improved social security information management system can achieve cross-regional inquiry, so that the social security relationship can be seamlessly connected and transferred in different places, and it also makes it possible for the overall realization of social security. Therefore, some scholars have proposed that the form of "one card" for social security is precisely the leap-forward progress achieved from "local food stamps" to "national food stamps."

III. Problems in the Operation of Social Security Cards

1. The personal accounts of pension insurance have a threat to the credibility of the social security system. In 1997, the "Decision on Establishing a Unified Basic Endowment Insurance System for Enterprise Staff and Workers" was issued, which put forward the specific implementation measures for the integration of pension insurance social pooling and personal accounts. In fact, the lack of separation of these two accounts has resulted in incomplete personal accounts. China's old-age insurance personal account has been in an astonishingly large-scale empty-account status. Although the pilot phase of the personal pension account started in 2001 has achieved gradual results, it is still slow. Until 2009, the personal account of the pension insurance account was still as high as 1.4 trillion. Faced with this reality, once the aging of the population continues to expand to the extent that the society cannot afford it, the “pay-as-you-go” model will inflection point. The open account will greatly threaten the credibility of the pension insurance and even the entire social security system and hinder the true sense. The realization of social security "card".

2. Coordination between government agencies and banks is complex. Although the social security card has facilitated individual residents, facilitated the management and coordination between government departments and improved the efficiency, it also managed the application functions of social security card application functions and the management functions of bank cards between government departments and banks. Between units, their coordination and management are still more complicated. For example, when someone is not included in the labor protection blacklist due to refusal to participate in insurance or malicious arrears, the function of the bank card of the social security card is not limited, thus losing the significance of punishing and restricting the blacklist. Moreover, when the card is lost, the cardholder must separately report the loss of different applications to different departments, which also brings inconvenience to the cardholder.

3. The risk of leakage or misappropriation of information increases. Due to the large number of social security cards, cardholders' personal information is too concentrated, and the risk of information leakage or theft is further increased. This is why the competent authorities need to increase management efforts. Although the social security card has been poured into the national, Ministry of People's Insurance Department, and the province's third-level key, it can hardly be deciphered. However, the inquiry or use of the social security card is based on the cardholder's password. Once a password is stolen, all cardholder information is at great risk of being used or misused.

Fourth, improve the social security card development policy recommendations

1. Realize the pension insurance personal account. First of all, adopt reasonable punishments or incentives to allow local governments to actively and actively work together with the central government to implement personal accounts and solve the current crisis of China's endowment insurance. Secondly, speed up the completion of the pay-as-you-go system to the transition of the fund accumulation system and reduce the burden of working population payment in the context of population aging. Thirdly, it is necessary to separate the overall account from the personal account, and make it clear that the funds in the personal account are owned by individuals, and the behavior of overdrawing individual account funds for overdraw accounts is eliminated. Finally, we will strengthen the supervision of individual accounts and promote the diversified investment management of personal accounts to achieve the purpose of maintaining value and increasing value.

2. Establish high-quality shared resource database and strengthen information network construction. The first is to thoroughly clean up and reintegrate existing resources, correct outdated information, supplement missing items, and reduce information redundancy as much as possible while ensuring accurate content. The second is the establishment of a high-quality, low-coupling, high-quality, shared database that enables it to maintain maintainability and scalability and facilitate information updates and calls. The third is to promote the network construction of the database and realize the networking, information exchange and resource sharing of provincial, municipal, and county government departments and banking services as soon as possible.

3. Standardize the management of social security cards and attach importance to the construction of network security. First, to absorb and cultivate technical talents, strengthen the training of management personnel, raise their safety awareness, and reduce operational errors or security breaches caused by carelessness. Second, regular inspection and maintenance of the entire system, timely detection and repair of defects and hidden dangers, and take the initiative to defend against external attacks to prevent information loss and leakage. Third, improve the vigilance of managers and do not give criminals an opportunity.

V. Summary

The promotion and use of social security cards throughout the country is a further development and improvement of China's social security work. The Social Security One Card is conducive to perfecting the social security system, providing a broader platform for the realization of the management information of all citizens and detailed information, facilitating the people, improving the efficiency of the work, and adapting to the unified national labor market and social security system. The need for networking and the need for mobility of people have played a major role in promoting economic development. However, it is not perfect. There are still many hidden dangers in its operation and it needs the relevant departments to attach importance to and solve it. Only by successfully and effectively solving these problems can the social security card maximize its social benefits and provide the people with quality, efficient and convenient services, so that the Chinese social security industry can achieve new breakthroughs and development.

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March 11 Chongqing Steel Market Price Quotes

Product Name Specification Material Steel/Origin Price (yuan/ton) Than yesterday last week General line Φ6.5mm Q235 Wine & Steel 5160 0 40 660 High Line Φ6.5mm Q235 Kunming Steel 5250 0 100 750 High Line Φ6.5mm Q235 Jiuquan 5250 0 100 770 High Line Φ6.5mm Q335 Heavy Steel 5250 0 100 740 Rebar Φ12mm HRB335 Steel 5550 0 100 650 Rebar Φ12mm HRB335 Cold Steel 5530 0 100 630 Rebar Φ12mm HRB335 Heavy Steel 5530 0 100 650 Thread Steel Φ12mm HRB335 Degang 5530 0 100 630 Rebar Φ14mm HRB335 Heavy Steel 5430 -70 30 780 Rebar Φ16mm HRB335 Water Steel 5150 0 20 650 Rebar Φ16-25mm HRB335 Kunming Steel 5140 0 20 660 Rebar Φ16-25mm HRB335 Heavy Steel 5130 0 20 650 Grade III Rebar Φ16-25mm HRB400 Water Grade Steel 5300 0 50 550 Grade III Rebar Φ16-25mm HRB400 Weigang 5280 0 50 530 Grade III Rebar Φ25mm HRB400 Degussa 5280 0 50 550 Hot Roll 2.75mm* 1250*C Q235 Panzhihua Steel 5850 0 50 600 Hot rolled coil 3.0mm*1250*C Q235 Panzhihua steel 5750 0 50 600 Hot rolled coil 4.75mm*1250*C Q235 Panzhihua Steel 5600 0 50 700 Hot rolled coil 6.0mm*1250* C Q235 Pangang 5570 0 50 670 Hot rolled coil 3.0mm*1250*C Q235 Taigang 5720 0 40 640 Hot rolled coil 5.5mm*15 00*C Q235 Steel cladding 5600 0 40 680 Hot rolled coil 5.5*1500*C Q235 Wine steel 5550 0 50 700 Cold rolled coil 0.5mm*1000*C Q195 Pangang 7000 0 100 600 Cold rolled coil 0.7mm*1000*C Q195 Panzhihua Steel 6800 0 100 600 Cold rolled coil 1.0mm*1000*C Q195 Panzhihua Steel 6600 0 120 650 Cold rolled coil 1.2mm*1000*C Q195 Panzhihua Steel 6580 0 130 660 Cold rolled coil 1.0mm*1250*C Q195 Wuhan Iron and Steel 6580 0 30 530 Cold rolled coil 1.0mm*1000*C Q195 Heavy steel 6570 0 100 620 Cold rolled coil 1.0mm*1250*C Q195 Handan Steel 6550 0 100 600 Hot rolled strip 2.75*600*C Q235 Weigang 5360 0 30 440 Hot-rolled Strip 3.5*685*C Q235 Weigang 5290 0 30 470 Hot-rolled Strip 6.0*760*C Q235 Weigang 5210 0 30 490 Hot-rolled Strip 5.5*710*C Q235 Yuxi Xinxing 5130 0 30 480 Hot-rolled strip steel 2.75*610*C Q235 Yuxi emerging 5280 0 30 480 Hot-rolled strip 2.0*355*C Q195 Tianjin rolling a 5330 0 30 430 Puzhong plate 8mm Q235 Heavy steel 6300 0 50 850 Puzhong plate 10mm Q235 Weight Steel 6100 0 50 800 Puzhong Plate 14-25mm Q235 Steel 6000 0 50 800 Puzhong Plate 14/22mm Q235 Jiuquan Steel 5950 0 50 800 Puzhong Plate 14-18mm Q235 Linang 5950 0 50 780 Puzhong Plate 14-20mm Q235 New Steel 5950 0 50 780 Low Alloy Plate 12-25mm Q345 Heavy Steel 6200 0 50 85 0 Shipbuilding Plate 10mm CCSA Xinyu 6400 0 0 600 Shipbuilding Plate 12mm CCSA Xinyu 6250 0 0 650 Shipbuilding Plate 10mm CCSA Wugang 6500 0 0 0 0 Boiler Plate 8mm 20g Heavy Steel 6750 0 0 500 Boiler Plate 10mm 20g Heavy Steel 6600 0 0 500 Boiler Plate 12-25mm 20g Heavy Steel 6500 0 0 500 Boiler Plate 28mm 20g Heavy Steel 6550 0 0 500 Container Plate 8mm 16MnR Heavy Steel 6900 0 0 500 Container Plate 10mm 16MnR Heavy Steel 6750 0 0 500 Container Plate 12-25mm 16MnR Heavy Steel 6650 0 0 500 Container plate 26-32mm 16MnR Heavy steel 6700 0 0 500 Galvanized coil 0.4mm*1000*C SGCC Chongqing Sigang 6600 0 0 450 Galvanized coil 0.5mm*1000*C SGCC Chongqing Sigang 6350 0 0 450 Galvanized Volume 1.0mm*1000*C SGCC Chongqing Sigang 6100 0 0 600 Color Coil 0.426mm*1000*C TST02Z Chongqing Sigang 7750 0 0 650 Color Coil 0.476mm*1000*C TST02Z Chongqing Sigang 7300 0 0 400 Roll Coil 0.476mm*1000*C CGCC Wuxi Xindazhong 7000 0 0 300 Seamless Pipe 108*5mm 20# Without Plant 6300 0 0 Seamless Pipe 133*5mm 20# Without Plant 6000 0 0 0 No Sew tube 159*6mm 20# Without branch factory 6100 0 0 0 Seamless tube 219*6mm 20# Without branch plant 6300 0 0 0 I beam 25# Q235 Laiwu steel 5200 0 0 400 I beam 36# Q235 package Steel 5350 0 0 55 0 Channel 16# Q235 Liusteel 5150 0 0 350 Channel 25# Q235 Wugang 5200 0 0 0 Angle 50*5mm Q235 Ansteel 5200 0 0 400 Angle 50*5mm Q235 Nanchang Steel 5100 0 0 400

 

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Medicinal information on gourd tea

Medicinal information

[alias] razor handle, Cordyceps, Jinjian grass, salted fish grass, Bailu tongue, tongue, tea board, overseas Chinese called "xianxie."

葫芦茶

Medicinal materials based source: for legumes gourd tea, vine stem gourd tea leaves.

Harvest storage: Use whole plant as medicine. Harvested in summer and autumn, washed and shredded and dried. Fresh and readily available.

[Tropism of taste] slightly bitter, astringent, cool.

Effect classification: heat dampness medicine.

【Indications】 Qingrejiedu, Xiaoshi Lishi, insecticidal and antiseptic. For the prevention of heat stroke, fever, sore throat, nephritis, jaundice hepatitis, enteritis, bacterial dysentery, pediatric hoarding, pregnancy vomiting, pineapple poisoning, pediatric scleroderma.

Doغير مجاز مي باشدe Oral: Jiantang, 15-60g. For external use: appropriate amount, dip juice; or Jianshui wash.

【Remarks】 (1) Folk salted fish and meat are preserved in the product to prevent fly lice.

【Excerpt】《National Herbal Medicine Collection》

[Recipe] 15 grams of Chen gourd, 3 grams of tea mixed into the end, brewing with boiling water for 5 minutes Serve.

【Uغير مجاز مي باشدe】 1 daily, many times to drink.

[Efficacy] applies to obesity, hyperlipidemia. Water, lipid-lowering.


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Plastic Powder PVC High Speed Mixer
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AI philosopher: artificial intelligence should first study cells instead of brains


[Netease smart news August 29 news] From the beginning, we were told that intelligence and the brain are inseparable. Intelligence is an informal synonym for intelligence, and any discussion of talent and wisdom uses the brain as a metaphor. Naturally, when technology evolves to humans deciding to replicate human intelligence in machines, our goal is to simulate the brain in artificial intelligence.

But what if this is wrong? If all the discussion about creating a "neural network" and a robotic brain is a misguided practice? If we are advancing artificial intelligence, we have abandoned the metaphor of the brain and turned to support smaller cells.

This counter-intuitive approach is the work of Ben燤edlock, who is not your regular human researcher. As the founder of SwiftKey, a company that uses machine learning parameters to design smartphone keyboard applications, his daily work is centered around how artificial intelligence systems can enhance the standard tools we already use on our electronic devices.

But Medlock is like an artificial intelligence philosopher. His idea is not to think about how to reduce the number of seconds from text mesغير مجاز مي باشدes in a short period of time. He hopes to promote the paradigm shift in artificial intelligence research and development, and how we define intelligence.

"I live this double life," Medlock said. "My collaboration with SwiftKey has been around how you use artificial intelligence to make it practical. In a sense, this is my daily job.

"But I also spent a considerable amount of time thinking about the philosophical implications of the development of artificial intelligence, and intelligence is a very human value thing." This idea reminded him of the foundation of human life - cells.

He said: "Actually, I think that research should begin with eukaryotic cells. Instead of treating artificial intelligence as an artificial brain, it is better to imagine the human body as an "unbelievable machine."

In general, artificial intelligence scientists prefer the brain as a model of intelligence. This is why some machine learning methods are described as "neural networks." These systems do not have any connection method for connection information and processing information, such as neurons and neural structures. However, the "neural network" conveys a complexity similar to the human brain.

To some extent, the metaphor of the nervous system is what Medlock wants to destroy. He said: "If you are in the field of artificial intelligence, you will know that there is actually a gap between the current level of artificial intelligence and the level of human intelligence."

Currently, artificial intelligence researchers are trying to break it down into smaller steps by a single task and train a machine to do it step by step to simulate machine reasoning and independent decisions. The more these machines learn to recognize specific patterns and perform specific actions, the more we will find them "smarter." This is the focus of the solution.

But Medlock said that this is not how humans work - humans do not handle and complete tasks in this way. He said: "If you begin to study human intelligence, or organic biological intelligence, it is a mistake to start researching from the brain."

"Cells are information processing machines. Cells are more like micro-information processing machines. They have considerable flexibility. They are networked so that they can communicate with other cells in groups." Some might say that the human body is made up of 372,000 people. Billion standalone machines.

Medlock studied the idea further and used the biological process of DNA replication to clarify his point of view. Due to the mutation of the genetic code, the traditional evolutionary model has assumed the evolution of life, because this kind of error will inadvertently lead to a decline in adaptability.

However, as geneticists are studying the process of replication, evolutionary models based on mutations have changed. Evolution is not caused by accident or mutation as we thought. Medlock said: "The cell machines that copy DNA are too precise. Only one out of every 4 billion DNA will make mistakes."

This is where the artificial intelligence component comes in: a series of correction mechanisms can eliminate errors in DNA fragments, and cells have tools and techniques to positively modify DNA to adapt to changing conditions. James, a biologist at the University of Chicago, destroyed hapiro in the 1992 landmark study called "natural genetic engineering."


"Intelligence is not the ability to play chess," said Medlock. "I think this is a return to the true meaning of intelligence." "Intelligence is not the ability to play chess or understand language." In a broader sense, intelligence is a The ability to process environmental data and then take action in the environment. "Cells are really the beginning of intelligence, the beginning of all organic intelligence, and it's a data processing machine."

He said that organic intelligence provides a concrete model for conscious organisms. "Only data that passes through the senses are important when there is a conflict with the data in the model I have already predicted."

Medlock basically said that if our goal is to create machines that are as intelligent and adaptable as humans, we should start building artificial intelligence systems that have these types of concrete models so that smart machines have humans that have shown The kind of power and flexibility.

Of course, this raises a bigger question as to whether this is what we want from artificial intelligence, "Medlock said, "If we prefer to see our artificial intelligence focused on performing specific tasks and To achieve narrow goals, we can continue to focus on solving the problem."

However, Medlock believes that this method may be limited. The brain model is very useful for developing artificial intelligence systems - it is responsible for one or more things - but it prevents it from reaching higher levels of creativity and innovation. This may be the difference between the first part and the fourth part of the notorious "brain expansion."

He said: "With our current methods - deep learning, artificial neural networks and other methods - we will start to break through barriers. I don't think we need to go back and try to simulate the evolutionary process of organic intelligence, but this is indeed a Very interesting question, what are we doing?"

Medlock has no definitive answer on how to apply his theory. He believes that artificial intelligence should be studied from the cell, not the brain. He admits that his idea is only an abstract exercise. Artificial intelligence developers may choose to use cells as an appropriate metaphor for artificial intelligence, but how this concept is reflected in the short or long term is completely unknown. However, Medlock has some ideas.


First, the overall needs of these machines are information processors. Although they can connect to the cloud, they must be able to absorb and analyze information in the physical world without relying on larger servers that can be connected wirelessly. He said: "I do not believe that we can achieve non-existent intelligence in the real world because the complexity of the real world will certainly give birth to organic intelligence. Therefore, artificial intelligence needs to have its own physical carrier, equipped with a variety of sensors.

Second, they need to move. He said: "To be able to have the intelligence of human level flexibility, even animal-level flexibility, you feel that you need to be able to roam. Interaction with the world and all parts of it, for the simulation of human level perception Vital, "Sports is the key. ”

The last key is self-consciousness - the machine must understand the self and its difference from the rest of the world. This is still an incredible huge obstacle, especially because we are still unable to determine the performance of self-consciousness in humans. However, if we can accurately point out how this phenomenon occurs in the organic brain, then we can also simulate it in artificial intelligence.

Although this idea brings artificial intelligence to a new level of science fiction, it is not surprising. Medlock recommends looking at a self-driving car. This machine is now a basic machine equipped with a series of optical sensors and some other sensors to detect physical hits, but nothing more. But if it is covered by nanomaterials, it can even detect tiny physical touches and absorb a variety of sensory information, then act on it. Suddenly, an object shaped like a car can do much more than simply transport people back and forth.

In addition, for anyone who is afraid of a robotic counterfeit, this should be good news. Medlock's ideas basically ruled out the concept of artificial intelligence as an interconnected mind. Instead, each machine is an independent self, with its own experience, memory, decision-making methods, and how to act. Just like humans.


In addition to technical limitations, there is one major obstacle that has hampered what Medlock advocates - that is, ethical issues. In reshaping the metaphors we used to approach artificial intelligence, he also hinted that the development model of artificial intelligence shifted from mitigating specific issues to creating an emotional person made of metal and wires.

He said: "My confirmation is that from an ethical point of view, there are some arguments that can explain that perhaps we should avoid establishing a human-level system. However, in practice, we are driven by the problem that we are solving, and we are only constantly To solve the problem, we have seen the direction it has brought us. We hope that as we make progress, we are open. We have discussed the regulatory system, the legal system, the judicial system, and human rights."

In the end, Medlock’s ideas are far from being realized in real, current development and testing. He is both hindered and liberated. It may be a long way for artificial intelligence to adopt the metaphor of cells and run it, but Medlock has a lot of time to improve this idea and play an important role in deciding how it is adopted. (From: translate translation: Netease see smart editor robot review: Wu Man)

                   

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Map aesthetics color design

As an information carrier for describing and studying the human living environment, maps integrate science and art into one. With the extensive use of maps and the continuous improvement of people’s aesthetic ability in maps, map aesthetics has received more and more attention. Map color design, as an important part of map aesthetics, plays a role in beautifying maps and guiding readers to appreciate and study maps. Below, the author talks about the design of colors in the aesthetics of the map and gives some suggestions for reference.

First, the expression of map beauty

1. Appearance: The beauty of the map is an important condition for the visual environment. The appearance of the map is not essentially related to the contents of the map, but the map layout, such as the design of the border, the layout of the figure body, and the layout of the map, must be carefully considered when designing the map. The appearance of the map is also reflected in the size of the map, the style of the map, and so on.

2. Matrix beauty: The matrix of a map is the material used to draw a map on it. The choice of map matrix is ​​related to the use of the map and the technical conditions at that time. The matrix can influence the reader's emotions in the aesthetic activities of the map. For example, if the travel map can be printed on a large handkerchief, it can be used not only as a map but also as a handicraft.

3. Composition beauty: Composition includes the balance of the map and the establishment of a fun center. The balance of the map is a problem often emphasized in map design because it can make people feel happy and happy. Emphasizing that the center of interest should not only consider the level of hierarchy, but also emphasize the rationality of the composition and make a clear distinction between primary and secondary. If a map is unclear, it will make readers feel at a loss and be psychologically uneasy, which is not conducive to the efficient transfer of map information.

4. Symbolic beauty: The map symbol is a kind of special graphical symbol, which uses the form of convenient spatial positioning to represent the nature and relationship of various objects and phenomena. Map symbols are not only varied in variety and size, but also their size, shape, and direction have a direct influence on the beauty of the entire map. Therefore, the design of map symbols must take into account the theme and content of the map, and the reader's psychological and social environment and other factors.

5. Note: The beauty of the annotations on the map has a direct influence on the beauty of the map. The factors affecting the beauty of map annotation include font, color, size, interval, and position. There are many types of Chinese characters used on maps in China, such as Song-style, isochrons, imitation Song-style, Lishu, Weibei, and arts. Different fonts not only have different calligraphy methods, but also have different uses on different maps. After a long period of drawing and mapping practice, the annotation of the map has formed a number of conventional forms that require mapping workers to ponder and compare.

6. Color beauty: The colors on the map can improve the expressiveness of the map, the flexibility of the map design and the clarity of the map, and increase the beauty of the map. The colors of the natural world are splendid and colorful, but there are three common elements: hue, lightness, and purity. Therefore, the cartographer must have a certain amount of color knowledge, so that qualitative, quantitative use of color, and reasonable collocation, so that the map's color more coordinated.

Second, the color design in map design

1. Dotted color design

Because of its particularity on the map, the dotted symbol, if not emphasized, is easily dimmed by other symbols and does not reflect the purpose of cartography. Therefore, in general, the main part of the dot symbol is a color with a high purity and a color value of 100. Monochromatic color is represented by one color of C=100, M=100, Y=100 and K=100 respectively; mixed color is mixed using several monochromatic colors of C=100, M=100 and Y=100. . For example, red is a mixture of M=100 and Y=100; green is a mixture of C=100 and Y=100. Of course, you can also add a bit of black in the mixed color, but the black color value should not exceed 20, otherwise, the picture frame will appear boring, thus weakening the beauty of the map. For some special point symbols, colors can be used alone.

2. Linear symbol color design

Linear symbols play a skeleton role in the map. It is the main carrier of map information and should be highlighted as a key element in map design. Linear symbols are very narrow and slender, and they can only be highlighted by highlighting colors. Therefore, when designing a line symbol, the color of the line drawing should be a color with a high purity. The color value of C, M, Y, and K should be 100. That is, if the line type symbol is monochromatic, its color value should be 100; if the line type symbol is composed of monochromatic color, the color value of each monochromatic color should also be 100. For example, the river symbol is cyan (C=100), the railway is black (K=100), and the highway is red (M=100, Y=100).

The above is the basic color method of line symbols. For contour maps and other special cases, special methods of using color can be used. 1 contour color. The maps of flowing landforms, mountainous landforms, and extremely mountainous landforms have relatively large carrying capacity of the contour lines; while in the plains and hilly areas, the carrying capacity of contour lines is relatively small. Since the contours are always at the second level in the map, the color can be faded. Usually, the color is expressed in three colors: M=40, Y=70, and K=30. 2 special cases with color. For a map with a large load, hierarchical elements can be represented by the same color impairment method. For example, the main railway is black (K=100) and the secondary railway is gray (K=60).

3. Surface area color design

The large area of ​​the area symbol can quickly capture the reader's vision and affect the reader's aesthetic taste. The successful use of color in the area is to convey relatively abundant geographic information in less map languages, so that the purpose of the map and the design intent can be expressed clearly, completely, and accurately. To do this, the area should use color to distinguish levels and use different color values.

(1) Select the color value according to the nature

In the map, there are not only water areas and neighborhood symbols, but also surface area symbols such as vacant land and vegetation. The properties they express in the picture are different. The color value of the area symbol should be selected according to its nature, different from other symbols. Under normal circumstances, the waters are colored in cyan (C=20) and vegetation in green (C=40, Y=60). Different colors can be selected based on the maps. For example, the color of the block in the topographic map is gray (K=20); the blocks in the administrative district may use different colors and color values ​​according to their attributes, with light pink (M=25), light yellow (Y=30), and shallow. Orange (M=15, Y=30), light purple (C=22, M=28), or light-green (C=15, Y=20), etc. indicate that they belong to different administrative districts, which is very effective.

(2) The same kind of elements should be selected in the same color system

The elements of the same subcategory have the same color system as much as possible, so that the nature of the symbol can be made clearer, and the drawing can be more concise and more aesthetic. For example, C=18, Y=25, C=7, and Y=10 indicate that the blocks and vacant land in the same administrative district are effective. In addition, layered coloring of the sea is a good example.

(3) Coordinated color selection between surface symbols

Although the color values ​​of various areas are different, the colors used in a map or even in a batch of maps should be coordinated. For example, layered colors indicate landforms, the oceans use cyan, the plains are green, the hills are yellow, the mountains are brown, and the mountains are light purple. The use of color coordination requires designers to seek out the feelings from good works (atlases or maps), and also to look for the feelings from nature and compare the two feelings in order to design a natural, coordinated color. Used for homework.

(4) Surface area symbols should use soft color values

In addition to the symbols that are to be particularly emphasized, the surface area symbols should generally be soft, cool, elegant and elegant, and not too strong. The color values ​​of C, M, Y, and K are generally not to exceed 30, preferably 10 to 20, and individual colors may be reduced to 5.

(5) The area in the dotted and line break should be selected from the perspective of decorative beauty

Only by selecting from the perspective of decoration and setting can the main symbols be highlighted to make them more clear and distinct. The area of ​​the dot symbol and the line symbol can be dark or light, and the color value can be high or low. The only purpose is to highlight the main body of the symbol and make the symbol harmonious and perfect.

Third, color design should focus on innovation

Innovation is based on inheritance and development. Only if there is sufficient research, exploration, and inheritance of tradition can we create ideas for innovation and development before we can innovate. The map development history reflects the continuous development of the map from art to science. The early maps are like landscape paintings, and the colors of art are more intense. Through the continuous efforts of cartographers of all ages, the cartography theory has been continuously expanded, and the map has achieved a constant leap from art to science. For how to reflect innovative ideas in color design, the author thinks:

1. Setting up a Map View of Artistic Beauty

The map is not only a technological product, but also an art work created by human wisdom. With the application of high technology in various fields, the beauty of science and technology on maps has become increasingly attractive. The map's graphics, text, and numbers as well as their colors express the beauty of the map. While its simplicity, clarity and ambiguity, simplicity and length, vividness and boringness, harmony and diversity all play a vital role in the artistic quality of the map. effect.

2. Establishing color is the design idea of ​​maps

Map elements are divided into natural elements and social and humanistic elements. The latter can better reflect the "intrinsic scale" and laws of artistic beauty. Map designers should put social and cultural elements on the first level to express them. The design of graphics, text, and numbers is important, but color design is the most effective method.

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How Access Control System Protects Thunder by Grasping Eight Principles of Purchase

The access control system should have a high degree of stability, choose an open hardware platform, support multiple communication methods, lay a solid foundation for interconnection and system integration between devices, and also have standardized and modular components to ensure great Flexibility and scalability.

Access control intercom system lightning protection

The outdoor door of the building is more likely to be struck by lightning, causing great inconvenience to the user and also causing great economic losses. Through the investigation and analysis of the causes of these lightning strikes, the main components of the crash are the power box, circuit board, and talker.

First, the main route to lightning strikes

(1) Directly hit mine. Direct lightning strikes the lightning directly on the object. The thundercloud near the ground induces an opposite charge on the protrusion. When the electric field strength between the thundercloud and the ground protrusion reaches the air breakdown strength, it will strike. Wear discharge, this type of thundercloud directly puncture discharge on the ground protrusion is called direct lightning. High buildings and their sides are subject to direct lightning strikes, and direct lightning strikes on the side of a building can be called side impact mines.

(2) Induction of thunder. Lightning strikes a conductor, such as a metal object next to the device, and indirectly strikes the object. Lightning induction is divided into electrostatic induction and electromagnetic induction. The formation of electrostatic induction is due to the induction of a large number of opposite charges on the top of ground projections when the cloud approaches the ground. When the thundercloud and Other thunderclouds or other objects are discharged, the accumulated charge on the top of the protrusion suddenly loses its bondage, showing a high voltage and rapidly propagating in the form of lightning waves. The formation of electromagnetic induction is due to direct lightning currents that produce a rapidly changing strong magnetic field in the surrounding space, which induces high voltages in nearby metals. Induction mines are not as violent as thunder but they are much more likely to occur than direct thunder. Because direct lightning strikes only when lightning strikes the ground, it will cause disasters to the ground. Induction lightning, however, strikes lightning regardless of the lightning strikes on the ground, or lightning strikes between thunderclouds may occur and cause disasters. A lightning stroke can occur in a relatively large range and multiple small Parts at the same time, and this induced high voltage can be transmitted far through the signal wires, power lines, telephone lines and other metal wires, resulting in lightning The scope has expanded.

Second, access control intercom system lightning installation

The following measures should be taken to prevent the above major lightning strikes:

  1. The installation position of the power box should be properly selected.

(1) Avoid installing on the side wall of the house, especially on the side wall of the projected house, so as to prevent direct lightning strikes.

(2) Avoid installation on the side of a pipe where there is a metal pipe, a gas pipe, etc. Especially, the same side wall that is less than 5 meters from the metal pipe and the air pipe can not be installed.

2. Both the power box and the circuit board should be grounded. The grounding wire should be solid and reliable, and the grounding resistance should be ≤ 0.1Ω.

3, wiring should be correct and reasonable. Power lines and signal lines should be placed indoors to avoid outdoor wiring as much as possible, avoiding the same direction and cross wiring as metal pipes, air pipes, etc., and it is impossible to avoid wiring in the same direction as metal pipes, gas pipes, etc. The distance between the two should be ≥ 5 meters. . The wiring should be laid in a straight line to minimize bending wiring.

4. The power source of the power box should be connected to the power socket. When weather is prevented or weather changes may cause lightning, it is convenient to cut off the power in time to prevent lightning strikes.

Access control intercom purchase eight points one, strong stability

"Stable" is the first choice for the selection of access control systems. It should consider the mature products that are in the leading position in the world as far as possible, pass a number of authoritative certifications, and have many typical users. It has been operating for many years and has been highly recognized in the industry.

In terms of hardware, devices from the controller to the terminal are mature and stable products. As the core of the system, the access controller needs to support the offline mode of operation. It must use flash and other non-volatile memory chips, and the power loss or impact information will not be lost. Failure of the server and terminal to identify equipment does not affect the normal operation of the system. As the management software supported by the system, it should have a stable and reasonable database structure design. Between the hardware and the real-time polling method, the communication connection and address of the hardware should be maintained and monitored. Complete data integrity, reliability, consistency.

Second, extremely strong anti-destructive ability
Access control systems are used to protect people and property, so the system itself must be safe. The high security mentioned here refers to the natural or quasi-natural properties of the product or system. It should ensure the safety of the equipment and system operation and the safety of the operator. For example, the equipment and the system must be able to withstand high temperatures and low temperatures. Hot and humid, and can prevent static electricity, anti-jamming, etc.; on the other hand, access control and security systems should also have anti-human damage features, such as: with tamper alarm.

Third, excellent compatibility
To facilitate future upgrades, capacity expansion, and anti-jamming considerations, it is recommended that terminal identification devices comply with international standards be selected, and that the wider and better the compatibility, the better. Some formats have some advantages in terms of locality, but they do not conform to international standards. They will cause problems for future upgrades, capacity expansion, and anti-jamming. They should adhere to the principle of “practicality, stability, and compliance with standards”.

Fourth, flexible scalability and economy

It is suggested that the number of registered card rights need to reach 30,000, which can be suitable for the vast majority of customers on the storage capacity requirements, facilitate the attendance statistics and business scale expansion. The main equipments should adopt modular design and adopt advanced wiring methods. Through software and hardware upgrades, future system expansions can be achieved without having to make major changes to the system, maximizing the economical principle, and at the same time, products should be غير مجاز مي باشدt-effective.

Fifth, powerful software management functions
With the increasingly wide range of applications for access control systems, it is required to implement linkage control functions with other systems such as attendance management, security alarm, parking lot control, elevator control, consumption management, CCTV linkage, and online patrol. Therefore, the system software should have video Interfaces and support for extended functionality.

Six, easy to maintain

The system should be easy to install and configure, simple and popular, and have a unified network management capabilities, easy to maintain.

VII. Purchase of mature brand products at designated agents
A mature brand can guarantee a perfect and powerful service system. This includes two aspects: First, technical support and thoughtful after-sales service for the project; second, reliable follow-up research and development capabilities to ensure continuity and compatibility of new and old products.

Buying from agents can have reliable quality and perfect services. Buying from other channels may have lower prices, but technical support and after-sales service may not be enough.

Eight, product appearance

With the improvement of people's aesthetic standards, while pursuing function and practicality, one can use its design as one of the reference standards in order to realize additional functions of visual enjoyment.

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Kimura Seung's classic packaging design (21)

Church Chair

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Imitated Wood Chair Co., Ltd. , http://www.fshotelchair.com


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German Art School Package Design Selected



Source: CGerCN Collection

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SRL-Z500/1000 PVC Plastic Compounding Mixer/ Mixing Machine

                            Model NO.: SRL-Z500/1000

                       

   

                            Layout Type: Verticle

                       

   

                            Mixing Drum Shape: Drum

                       

   

                            Operating type: Cycle Operating

                       

   

                            Condition: New

                       

   

                            Trademark: sunrise

                       

   

                            Transport Package: Stretch Film+Wood Pallet

                       

   

                            Specification: 500L

                       

   

                            Origin: China

                       

   

                            HS Code: 8477800000

                       

 

                   

For large scale PVC pipe/profile production factory, Advanced automatic weighing compounding conveying system is essential,

Traditional mixing method is that people weigh and batch material manually, then move the mixed material to extruder also manually, this old way just fit for the small factory, and has many defects:

1. Artificial mixing is easy to make a mistake, because this is a repetition work, so worker is tired easily. the weighing precision is not assured.

2. Labour intensity is large, human غير مجاز مي باشدt is high from long term view

3. Chemical raw material harms the worker's health.

In order to solve these problems, our company design this PVC automatic mixing weighing conveying system which the computer can automatically control weighing and batching, and feeding to extruder. This mixing system consist of automatic weighing, after weighing, convey the material in to the mixer unit, than use the air-operation pipeline transport the mixed material to extruder. The advantage of PVC mixing system:

1.    Automatic weighing controlled by computer, that improves the accuracy and efficiency of burdening, and reduces the chemical damage to worker.

2.    the air-operation pipeline transportation reduces the غير مجاز مي باشدt of worker, and increase the production efficiency, and all the material is in the closed pipe, so avoid dust to pollute the factory.

The whole auto-mixing batching compounding system mainly Includes the following process:

1)    PVC resin and CaCo3 weighing system

2)    Main additives weighing system, include power or liquid additives

5)    Mixer

6)    Dry blend storing and conveying system

7)    Feeding system to the extrusion lines.

System pictures for reference:
SRL-Z500/1000 PVC Plastic Compounding Mixer/ Mixing Machine
SRL-Z500/1000 PVC Plastic Compounding Mixer/ Mixing Machine
SRL-Z500/1000 PVC Plastic Compounding Mixer/ Mixing Machine
Our automatic mixing compounding system in Customer's factory:

SRL-Z500/1000 PVC Plastic Compounding Mixer/ Mixing Machine
SRL-Z500/1000 PVC Plastic Compounding Mixer/ Mixing Machine


For more detail specification of this auto-mixing weighing compounding system, pls contact with us freely.

                           

Organphosphine Anitscale And Corrosion Inhibitor

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