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[Netease smart news August 30 news] When you ride a driverless car, suddenly there are five people in front of your high-speed car, and there was no time for the car to stop at this time, the car can choose Choosing to hit the steering wheel to get the car off the road may result in the death of the passengers on board; it may also choose to go straight to those five people and cause the pedestrians to die. What should a driverless car do? Perhaps this question should be, what should auto programmers do to teach cars? So who is telling the programmer what to do?

Social value determines life and death?

In the age of artificial intelligence, every question about morality seems to be causing another problem. Professor Liz Bacon is vice president of architecture, computing, and humanities at the University of Greenwich in the United Kingdom. She also holds a doctorate degree in artificial intelligence and is the former chairman of the British Computer Society. Professor Bacon at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence held in Melbourne last week stated that the debate on the laws of AI still faces a lot of complicated issues that need to be solved.

In the above example of a driverless car, Prof. Bacon said that the procedures entered in the car need to replace the thinking that humans do in the same situation. "Now as a driver, you have to make a momentary decision, but for a self-driving car, you have to programmatically determine its consequences." What would you do if there were no choices?

"You can solve it directly with numbers." The car may say, "I want to leave the highway and choose to sacrifice the people in my car instead of the five pedestrians." It depends on the car's artificial intelligence design and people's social the value of. For example, people in a car happen to have a cure for cancer, and the five people on the road are jailbreak fugitives.

"Perhaps you say that they are less valuable to society, so you may say, 'I will leave that person in the car'. If you really consider people's value to society, then there will be terrible consequences." If you have a computer for instant searches, autonomous cars have a variety of knowledge about the people around them to make practical decisions. It is terrible to think of how to program this program. The next question is, if you program the algorithm and say "kill these people," will the court think it is a deliberate murder?

Prejudice or intentional murder?

Professor Bacon said: “People make a self-driving car is a huge social moral issue.” He also said that the government needs to step forward and solve these thorny problems. “The government should catch up, but I don’t think they have. Their legislation often lags behind Actually, I think they need to try to formulate some relevant laws. The actual fine-tuning of decisions can be made at the company level. At the middle management level, it can be done at the actual level of programmers - this is the problem we have potential for bias. It may be conscious prejudice or unconscious prejudice."

When your job is to program a driverless car, you may diغير مجاز مي باشدree with the company about how autopilot cars should handle different road conditions. Will you let the car hit pedestrians and protect the people at all غير مجاز مي باشدts? Professor Bacon said: "Prejudice will spread in any degree of production. Everyone has their own criteria for right and wrong, and they have their own. Your personal bottom line knows that you can interact with it.If you are under stress and you don’t want to lose your job, your boss will put pressure on you and let you do something that you feel uncomfortable, which is very difficult.

Hackers Control Worries Caused by Zombies

The Zombie Car in Speed ​​and Passion 8 made people see the scene of driverless cars being hacked. In reality, hackers in the United States successfully invaded the car and changed the path of the car, including automatically pressing the brakes. "Globally, artificial intelligence can play a huge role. But sadly, some people want to hurt us. They are immoral." Bacon said: "If you want to kill someone in the car, you will They can invade their cars, in theory, they can drive the car to the edge of the cliff or hit the wall. You can make it look like an accident."

In addition, Professor Bacon also said that although there are still many deaths on our roads, the use of self-driving cars will drastically reduce the number of deaths caused by man-made driving, but it may also bring about a new round of "different. Type of death." For example, a human driver may kill A, but a self-driving car may kill B because their algorithm is different.

In addition to self-driving cars, Bacon added that artificial intelligence will infiltrate other areas, such as the battlefield. "Soon we will no longer send people to war," she said. "We send drones and robots." Participate in the battle and help us launch missiles. "People remotely control robots to fight. This is the future direction of development. It is very likely to become a reality." In this sense, when we have robots that can do this, people are likely to be killed at the frontline. Bigger. This changed the nature of the war and changed the nature of the decision. ”

When a car accident occurs, who should be sued?

When our loved ones are hit by driverless cars, who should we sue? "This is a big problem," said Bacon. "I do think that in terms of legislation, we need the help of the government because this is a very difficult problem." There is some discussion on how to sue robots, but I don't quite understand this. How it works because robots do not have bank accounts and money. The development of driverless cars involves many stakeholders, and I really do not have the answer. "But insurance companies have to find answers because when things do happen, they must know who is the culprit." This is a big problem.

At present, not many people understand the significance of using unmanned cars on the road, and this is a technology that requires education in the development process. Bacon said: "I think the whole society needs to receive this kind of education so that they can understand what artificial intelligence is and understand its impact on life. Only after clarifying this series of things can they be qualified to make their own. The most important thing is that Bacon said, "Trust will be the key," she said. "The person who launches a driverless car will not sell anything unless people really trust this technology." (From: INFORMATIONAGE     庵 庵 犐笮 犐笮 犐笮 犐笮 茁叮 /?/p >

This article is produced by NetEase Smart Studio (public number smartman 163). Focus on AI and read the next big era!

                   

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Reporter Shao Shaohui reports from Shanghai

The South Korean court made the first-instance judgment on August 25. Samsung Vice President Lee Jae-woon was sentenced to five years in prison for bribing the former President Park Geun-hye and his pro-Cui Shun. Earlier, the prosecutor of the ROK filed five allegations against Li Zaiyu, headed by bribery, and proposed to sentence him to 12 years imprisonment. The court held that all five of the allegations were guilty, but the penalty was applied to the lightest punishment. On August 28, Li Zaiyi’s defense lawyer filed an appeal on the verdict of first instance.

There is a possibility of amnesty

Gao Wei, director of the Global Family Business Research Center at the Wudaokou Finance School of Tsinghua University, told reporters in the 21st Century Business Herald that Li Zaiyu was specially called "it is possible."

Most of South Korea’s top treasury executives who were sentenced to jail have had special experience. Among them, Li Zaixi’s father, Li Jianxi, was indicted and sentenced in 1996 and 2008 respectively, but both were ultimately protected from jail by the president’s amnesty. In addition, Daewoo Group founder Kim Yu-chung, Hyundai Motor Co., Ltd. Zheng Mengjiu, SK Group Chairman Cui Taiyuan, and the former غير مجاز مي باشدe Group President Li Zaixian, etc. were all sentenced to jail time.

Gao Ke believes that South Korea's industrial policy is tilted toward the big financial crisis, and Samsung's economic influence in South Korea is even more important. Compared with other chaebols, "Samsung is competitive in the world, which is very difficult for a Korean company."

“In addition, the dramatic changes in the domestic political environment in Korea have provided a very important political background for the acquisition of amnesties by the treasury executives,” Takasu added. “If for some time, Samsung’s development has dragged down South Korea’s economic growth. To the income and life of many people, they will have new political demands."

The absence of the helm

Samsung's stock price fell 1.43% on the day of August 25, and the Samsung Group’s core product Samsung Group’s initial fall was 2.95%. On August 28, Samsung Electronics continued to fall by 1.96%, and Samsung's property sales dropped by 3.37%.

Industrial Economic Analyst Liang Zhenpeng told 21st Century Business Herald reporter that the verdict would be a huge blow for Samsung. In addition to falling share prices, its brand image and the confidence of upstream and downstream business partners will also be seriously damaged. In addition, despite the fact that professional managers run the company, “the lack of actual rudder leaders has certain negative impact on the company's strategic development decisions and major industry investments.”

Liang Zhenpeng also introduced that Samsung Electronics currently faces many difficulties in its own business. “Samsung has strong competitiveness in the core components of mobile phones upstream, that is, chips, flash memory and screens, but in the area of ​​smart phones, Its advantages are shrinking." Liang Zhenpeng believes that in the Chinese market, Huawei, OPPO and VIVO brands are surpassing Samsung, and in the global market, Samsung's actual influence is also being challenged.

Speaking of Note7 spontaneous combustion incident, Liang Zhenpeng thinks this is not an accidental accident, but the accumulation of problems of Samsung mobile phone for a long time. "Samsung has some technical weaknesses that have not been resolved," Liang Zhenpeng said. "This is a serious consequence of Samsung's long-term neglect of these issues in the expansion of the smart phone field." Liang Zhenpeng believes that Samsung has a crisis, helm The absence of those will bring greater negative impact.

Gao Shuo analyzed the negative influence of Li Zaiyu’s incident on Samsung from the perspective of family industry inheritance. He believes that "inheritance is the most fragile moment for family businesses, and there are enormous uncertainties and risks in the process of inheritance. Samsung Note7 has a lot to do with the vacuum and absence of leadership in the process of inheritance." Gao Yu further explained that : "At the crucial moment of leadership change, the only male heir, Li Zaiyu, cannot replace his father to perform the functions of the president. This has a major adverse effect on Samsung."

Short-term impact is limited

For the future fate of Samsung Group, Gao Yu believes that he is still optimistic. He explained that Samsung’s talent base, financial foundation, and industrial layout are all very solid. “In addition to Li Zixi, the eldest son of Li Jianxi, there are two capable daughters Li Fuzhen and Li Shuxian who can foresee that they will inherit in the family business. China plays an important role; in addition, the Samsung Group's talented professional managers will also play an important role."

Gao Hao believes that unlike Li Jianxi’s father, Li Zai’s leadership style is “decentralization and letting go”. In recent years, he has mainly devoted his energy to completing major strategic decisions such as the new strategic planning and industrial layout of Samsung Group, such as entering biopharmaceuticals, divesting the sale of some non-core businesses, etc.; while Samsung’s specific operations management is mostly from the future. The strategy room and the professional managers team of various industrial companies are operating.

Gao Hao emphasized that one point to note when analyzing the impact of Li Zi’s imprisonment on Samsung is that Samsung’s manager team “is not a single person, but a group, which is very much in line with the US’s highly reliance on CEO’s corporate management model. different".

"Samsung attaches great importance to the construction of a talented team and has ample talent pool." He added, "Furthermore, the new strategic layout has been basically completed, and it will be based on ensuring that Samsung Electronics and other existing industries have an advantage. As the major strategic fulcrum for the next phase, pharmaceuticals have limited short-term impact when strategic decisions have been basically shaped."

The chaebol reform

The South Korean presidential palace, Blue House, said on the 25th verdict that the incident should be an opportunity to cut off the collusion between business and government. Huang Yongtai, the chief secretary of Chong Wa Dae, stated that the entrenched interest chain of political and business collusion has been hindering Korean social progress.

During his election campaign, Wen pledged to abolish the franchise privilege. On May 17th, it nominated Metalsurgel 9 as head of the departmental supervisory organization. The latter is one of South Korea’s hard-line “valve reformers” and advocated the establishment of a transparent and fair market system.

As for whether this judgment will become a signal to the South Korean government to rectify the chaebol, Gao Hao expressed negative opinions. He believes that Li Zaiyu’s incident is an isolated incident. The main reason behind it is that the anti-Pak forces need a most important witness card that can take the simple case of blessing. “The fact that Li Zai’s bribe is the prerequisite for the trial of Park Geun-hye. He is The political incident was implicated."

Gao Yu explained that “the formation of South Korea’s chaebol is a long-term result of the implementation of national industrial policies for decades” and that adjustment of industrial policies is a complex process that will have a major impact on the economy, politics, and people’s livelihood. “The new president must really Determination is not easy."

                   

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Chinese medicine properties

Herbal information

English name

FRUCTUS CANNABIS

Alias

Hemp kernels, Hemp, Linen

source

This product is a dry mature fruit of Cannabis sativa L., a plant belonging to the genaceae. Harvested when the fruit matures in the fall, remove impurities and dry.

Source form

Herbs annual, high 1 to 3 meters. Stems are stout erect, with longitudinal furrows, densely pubescent, palmately compound leaves alternate or lower ones opposite. Flowers bloom in summer, arranged in evacuated panicles, terminal or axillary. Achenes flat ovoid, gray-brown, with fine reticular pattern, wrapped in persistent yellow-brown sepals.

Medicinal character

This product is oval, fruit length 4 ~ 5.5mm, diameter 2.5 ~ 4mm. The appearance is smooth, gray-green or gray-yellow, with fine white or brown netting, two each have a light-colored corner, the tip is slightly pointed, and the base has a round fruit stem mark. The skin is thin and brittle and easily broken. Seed coat green, cotyledons 2, milky, oil-rich. Gas slightly, tasteless.

Processing

Remove impurities and peels. Fry the fire hemp kernel: Take the net hemp kernel, according to the clear fried method (Appendix II D) fry to yellowish, scented.

Processing method

1 Hemp kernel. "Qian Jin Yao Fang": "Net choice, washing with water, brute force." "Ben Cao Yan Yi": "Put the pockmarked, bag, the boiling soup in the dip, cold soup out of it, down the well in the night, do not make it The next day, the water was drained and the shells were removed from the new tile. The grains were all finished. The current herbs were taken, except for the net impurities and ash. When used to smash.

2 fried fire hemp. "Herbal Supplements": "Frying incense." The current, take the original herbs, set the pot, fry with a slow fire to a slight yellow, aroma, remove and let cool. Stored in a dry container, fried fire hemp kernel sealed, cool place dry place. When used to smash.

Finished product

1 Hemp kernel: It has a flat oval shape and is grayish green or grayish-brown in appearance and has a glossy appearance. The kernels are milky white and rich in oil. Flavour.

2 fried fire hemp kernel: pale yellow, slightly aroma of coke.

Cannon production

1 hemp kernel: sweet, flat. Spleen, stomach, large intestine. With laxative, nourishing function. Burning hemp is longer than laxative. For intestinal dry constipation.

2 fried fire hemp: After frying can increase the effect of frying, and gas incense, ease the sliding profit, can enhance the role of spleen yin, Runchang dry, used for the elderly, maternal and infirm intestinal blood deficiency of intestinal dry constipation .

Herbal identification

Take this product powder 2g, add ether 50ml, heat reflux for 1 hour, filter, dregs plus ether 20ml wash, discard the ether solution, add residue 30ml methanol, heat reflux for 1 hour, filter, the filtrate evaporated, residue Add 2 ml of methanol to dissolve it as a test solution. Another hemp seed control medicine 2g, with the legal system as a reference drug solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B) test, 2 μl of each of the above two solutions was pipetted on the same silica gel G thin plate, and toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (15:1:0.3) was used as the unfolding. The agent was developed, taken out, air-dried and sprayed with 1% vanillin ethanol solution-sulfuric acid (1:1) mixture and heated at 105° C. until the spots became clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color were observed at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference drug.

***uality

Gan, Ping. Spleen, stomach, large intestine.

Indications

Runzao laxative. For blood deficiency deficiency, intestinal dry constipation.

Doغير مجاز مي باشدe

9 to 15 grams.

Herb storage

Store in a cool, dry place, protected from heat and scratching.

Lithium Tert-butoxide CAS No.1907-33-1

Lithium Tert-butoxide Basic Information 

Product Name: Lithium tert-butoxide

CAS: 1907-33-1

MF: C4H9LiO

MW: 80.05

EINECS: 217-611-5

Mol File: 1907-33-1.mol

Lithium tert-butoxide Chemical Properties

Boiling point: 68-70 °C

Density: 0.89 g/mL at 20 °C

Fp: −2 °F

Storage temp: Flammables area

Solubility: Soluble in toluene, hexane, tetrahydrofuran and methyl tert-butyl ether.

Form: Liquid

Color: Brown

Specific Gravity: 0.89

Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive

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Mol File: 7789-24-4.mol

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Boiling point: 1681 °C

Density: 2.64 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

Fp: 1680°C

Storage temp. :Store at +5°C to +30°C.

Solubility: Soluble in 0.29 g/100 mL (20°C) and hydrogen fluoride. Insoluble in alcohol.

Form: random crystals

Color: White to off-white

Specific Gravity: 2.635

PH: 6.0-8.5 (25℃, 0.01M in H2O)

Water Solubility: 0.29 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

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[China Instrument Network Instrumentation Industry] On June 10th, from the news of State Grid Shanxi Electric Power, the company is accelerating the collection and construction of “Four Tables”, and the construction companies in the province have been fully stationed, starting 2,360 on-site and planning this year. At the end of the year, 33,500 households will complete the construction of the “four-in-one” project;

On June 3, Gansu Jiaji District officially initiated the demonstration project of “Four-One-One” model demonstration project. At present, it has completed on-site foundation construction, system commissioning, data on-line and meter file verification, and the collection success rate reaches 100%. It is expected that all pilot construction work can be completed in mid-October;

On May 28, Inner Mongolia Hulunbuergenhe Power Supply Company worked hard for many months, and the successful implementation of the “four-in-one-in-one” project for water and electric heat was successful. Initially, 720 pipe-laying cables and meter installations have been completed. Judging from the current process Targets can be completed on time;

...

These are the real cases of the recent four provinces and cities to promote copying.

Seeing here, Xiao Bian can not help but think that although the promotion process is not the same everywhere, but also committed to the construction of meter collection, especially the installation of pre-mart meter, smart meter has accumulated valuable for the next four tables integrated promotion experience of. The “Guidance on Promoting the Development of Smart Grids” issued by the National Development and Reform Commission in July last year showed that it is necessary to improve the sharing mechanism of information resources in the coal, electricity, oil, and gas fields, support the collection of water, gas, and electricity sets, and build cross-industry energy sources. Run a dynamic data integration platform to encourage shared reuse of energy and information infrastructure. So, how much do you know about four tables?

Four tables and two things

At present, the four-sheet collection copy mainly uses the existing acquisition platform of the power system to realize integrated remote metering of metering data such as water, electricity, gas, and heat. With the popularity of the Internet of Things and intelligence, this has become a new type of energy service. Mode, an important means to fully support the construction of smart cities.

Through the establishment of a complete automatic meter reading system, the automatic meter reading and management of water, electricity, gas, and heat meters are conducted to truly solve the problems of manual meter reading, improve efficiency and service quality, and make the entire meter reading. Work on a new stage, establish a scientific and applicable management model for meter reading fees.

The smooth implementation of the entire promotion process cannot be separated from the favorable policies of all parties. For example, in the "National Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration Guidelines on Promoting the Development of Smart Grids," which was promulgated last year, it was clearly proposed to support the centralized collection of information on water, electricity, gas and heat. However, from the operation point of view, water, electricity, gas, heat four watches belong to different industries, have different corresponding instrument standards, simple fusion can not achieve all the benefits brought by copying. The establishment of a unified standard is still a crucial step in the process of realizing the construction of the "four tables".

How to Reflect Four Tables in the Pilot Process

Changing the method of meter reading involves all aspects, but the most affected should be resident users and meter readers.

“The meter readers came to the door to read the meter, sent it to their homes on two days, and then paid to the business outlets. This day passed most of their lives and said that they would change it.” Zhang Niu, a 64-year-old master of this year, had just heard about the acceptance in the community. When the "four-in-one" transformation was not understood at all.

Because the billing period and the billing date of the three companies are all different, Lao Zhang received four bills each month, and at least received one bill. For the four bills can be paid on time, Lao Zhang had to run back and forth four times a month, which became an annoyance of Lao Zhang. The combination of four forms, so that the old Chang read a dozen years of "paid through" changed, four bills combined a bill, to Lao Zhang's contribution to the road to start a "subtraction." Through the establishment of information sharing mechanisms for water, electricity, gas, and warm areas, the implementation of intensive and large-scale remote meter collection can bring convenience to residents' lives and truly change their lifestyle.

For meter readers, the convenience brought by the popularity of smart meters freed their hands and greatly increased work efficiency. “Most of them are private houses and the water meter is buried under the door.” Zhou Gang, the meter reader, hooked the small steel bar to the hole in the cement plate and pulled it along the edge of the manhole cover. The weight was 40 to 50 kilograms. The manhole cover was opened. Zhou Gang sprayed water on each of the water meters one by one with a spray bottle, and brushed the water meter dial with a brush. The numbers on the dial could be seen clearly, and the readings were entered into the hand scanners one by one.

"It is said that in order to realize the copy of the four tables, the water meter and the gas meter must be intelligently reformed first, but they have always felt that the change of the table has been faster since they were changed," said residents of the city.

Judging from the above reaction, the convenience of the four forms of copying is recognized, but there are still questions to be resolved in the popularization, which requires the power companies to guide long-term to dispel user doubts, popularize more smart table knowledge, and at the same time to address common issues. Constantly optimize related services.

Dry goods"

The details to be solved during the progress of the four-table copying work:

Specification of installation dimensions of new meters The existing water gas heat meters, especially water meters, allow more dimensions in the same size country. Although there are recommended sizes, many manufacturers have their own convenience, غير مجاز مي باشدt savings, technical differences, etc. Considering factors, there are often things that can't be replaced with one another in the market for the same specification. Smart meters are particularly serious.

Specification of water vapor heat meter electrical parameters Take the M-BUS bus water meter as an example. Many manufacturers' engineers did not strictly comply with the international M-BUS standard when designing the meter, and the quiescent current of the meter was quite different. In the actual test process, Some manufacturers have even reached a quiescent current of 4mA (far more than the specification of the quiescent current <1.5mA); the meter's response time, valve control current, power supply characteristics and other differences in the field is also greater. These factors will greatly affect the carrying capacity and electrical compatibility of the four-table collection site-reading process, which will seriously hinder the realization of the four-table collection of site-to-site interconnection.

The water vapor heat metering protocol is mostly compliant with the 188-2004 Department of Housing and Construction. Different manufacturers have different understandings of the protocol, and some manufacturers use the manufacturer's own protocol, leading to the actual operation process. Can not achieve interconnection and interoperability.

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