The fire-fighting and rescue plan is aimed at the different types, scales, and object-protection situations of the set disaster accidents, rational use of fire-fighting and rescue forces, correct use of various tactics and techniques, successful implementation of fire-fighting and rescue operations, minimization of casualties, and reduction of property losses. And the formulation. It is the basis for planning and commanding during the fire fighting. It is the basic way to gradually realize computer command. The establishment of fire prevention and rescue plans for key units or important parts and the organization of field exercises are a very important business activity for fire control* and a basic work for the implementation of computer command.
Firefighting and rescue plans play an increasingly important role in the training and firefighting and rescue of firefighting*. However, the author's investigation found that some of the grassroots squadrons do not have a deep understanding of the significance of the preparation of fire-fighting and rescue plans. In the process of production, copying and copying are serious. In addition, some of the squadrons did not perform drills on the ground during the familiarization of the fire extinguishing plan, and they did not carry out meticulous research on the various conditions of the unit. Just go to the other unit and walk away. In the process of production, there is also a lack of scientific rigorous attitude and the spirit of investigation and research. At present, most of the fire-prevention plans formulated remain at the plane stage of paper operations. Although the number of microcomputers has gradually increased, the virtual main software has rarely been developed and utilized, and the high-tech role has not been fully utilized. Some organizations have unclear and insufficient attention to the role of preplanning and preplanning. Here I will talk about the understanding of the fire fighting and rescue plan:
First, the characteristics of the fire-fighting and rescue plan (a) scientific
The formulation of the fire-fighting and rescue plan shall be scientific in terms of the setting of disaster conditions, the deployment of forces, and the measures for fighting against the fire. Determine the key positions on the basis of scientific proof; determine the deployment of forces on the basis of scientific calculations; determine the measures for fighting against fire on the basis of scientific decision-making;
(II) Variability
The economy and society are constantly changing and the situation of the units is constantly changing. The increase and decrease of basic buildings, the improvement of production processes, the changes in the surrounding conditions, the restructuring of the nature of the company, etc. all determine that the plan also needs to change constantly. Only in this way can we keep up with changing circumstances so that the plan can always be adapted to changes in key units.
(three) operability
The purpose of the preparation of the fire-prevention plan is to make use of the plan to carry out the power dispatch and lay a solid foundation for the victory in fire fighting. Therefore, when deploying troops in accordance with the plan and taking countermeasures, they can play a role of quick fixes, and control the disaster within the minimum range. Therefore, the fire-fighting and rescue plan we have established must be operational.
(d) Complex firefighting and rescue plan is a detailed and complicated work. From its content: It contains a few pieces of content containing all aspects of knowledge: power scheduling, hydraulic calculations, burning area calculations, fire precautions, chemical knowledge, etc.; from its formulation process: need to be collected Information, research, and determination of force deployment, etc. Afterwards, investigations will be conducted to verify whether the plan meets the actual situation of the unit; from its classification, it includes: construction, chemical industry, transportation tools, large-scale service, and cross-regional rescue. Class; therefore, the preplan work requires a lot of manpower, material resources, financial resources, and energy.
(five) targeted
Different types of disasters, different production properties, and different scales of construction all have their own characteristics. Therefore, in the preparation of the plan, it is necessary to adopt different disposal strategies and force deployments for different situations. Moreover, the complexity of modern fires determines that the plan must play its role and must be targeted. It can truly play a role in reducing disaster losses, reducing casualties, and modernizing command.
(6) Practicality
Practicality is an important feature of the fire suppression plan. The formulation of the fire-prevention plan is ultimately intended for application. The plan prepared for this purpose should be easy to use and use in the process of use. Can play an important role in preserving the fire fighting, personnel rescue, and material evacuation.
Second, the role of fire-prevention and rescue plans (A) to help grasp the initiative of combat operations
Through the formulation of firefighting and rescue preplans, commanders and fighters at all levels can be made familiar with the basic conditions, force deployment, fighting strategies, water supply plans, and precautions of the key defenders in the responsible area. Once an unexpected situation occurs to the defended objects, the commanders and fighters at all levels can, according to the basic conditions they normally grasp, carry out force deployments according to plans and carry out targeted firefighting and rescue operations and corresponding measures. Reduce the time for the start of the fight, thus saving time for extinguishing, saving, and evacuating supplies. Greatly improved the combat effectiveness of firefighting* and minimized the loss of property. Take the initiative to extinguish fire.
(II) Helping to promote the implementation of "six familiars"
In the process of formulating a firefighting and rescue plan, it is necessary to constantly in-depth areas of responsibility and key protection units to understand its various aspects, so that the production staff not only have first-hand information for the preparation of preplans, but also better promote the " Traffic roads and water sources in the area of responsibility; classification, quantity, and distribution of key units in the area of responsibility; countermeasures and basic procedures for the disposal of major disasters in the area of responsibility; use of key units in key areas; The situation of the facilities; the fire protection organization of the key units and their division of fire rescue missions; and the familiarization of six other aspects. After the plan has been prepared, the cadres and combatants must also examine the contents of the plan. Through this work, the firefighters have been given a better understanding of the object of protection and have effectively promoted the preparation of fire extinguishing.
(three) helps to enhance the training of targeted
Familiarity with the situation in the area is one of the main contents of the post training, and it is important to master the key objectives. Firefighters’ knowledge of building structures and internal facilities is the basis. However, in the minds of individual units and a small number of officers and soldiers, when they are familiar with the key units, they do not seek a deeper level of study to achieve the goal of excellence; for this reason, when the units are familiar with, they must rely on fire prevention and rescue plans to conduct training. According to the basic situation set by the plan, fire settings, force deployment, fighting strategies, water supply programs and other analysis and comparison to obtain the best plan. Through such training, it will help to increase the pertinence of fire-fighting and rescue training, make the work of pre-planning closer to reality, and be more realistic and realistic.
(IV) It is conducive to the study of the laws, characteristics, and tactics of new combat targets.
Through the “six familiarization” of the situation in the area of responsibility and the protection unit, firefighters can find new situations and new production problems in the process of familiarizing themselves with the situation. In the face of this new situation, to ensure their safety, and to improve * The combat capability of firefighters is to conduct in-depth study of the situation, and based on the hazardous characteristics of the object of protection, study and formulate a more scientific disposal strategy. This process not only improved the practicality of the fire-fighting and rescue plan, but also greatly promoted the firefighters' research on the new tactics and improved the organization and command ability of commanders at all levels. The link between theory and practical work has been strengthened, and the quality of fire preparation work has been improved.
(E) It is conducive to the gradual realization of computer command decisions
The fire-fighting and rescue plan is made based on computer technology and can be used to assist computer-aided decision-making and commanding in conjunction with a computer. Once the readiness vehicle is equipped with an on-board computer, it uses network technology. Can achieve remote command. It also helps the on-board commander to understand the basic conditions of fire objects, fire-fighting countermeasures, and other relevant information in a timely manner. Make the command of the commander more targeted and the decision more scientific. So as to greatly enhance the fire fighting combat effectiveness.
III. Formulation of Fire-fighting and Rescue Plans (1) Scope of determination and clear focus on defending objects
Firefighting* In the preparation of the plan, it is first necessary to identify the key targets to be defended. There are two main sources of information: one is information accumulated by the fire department; the other is field survey data; through these two approaches, it is possible to determine which are the key units and which fire hazards require the establishment of a fire prevention and rescue plan.
(b) Investigation and research, collecting information
After the key targets have been identified, it is necessary to conduct on-site investigations for key targets. Collect relevant data. For example, some building materials, production processes, conditions of the surrounding water source roads, firefighting organization networks of the units, dangerous locations in the units, the dangers of the products, and fire facilities that the buildings can use. After collecting these data, it is necessary to analyze these data, predict the possibility of disasters in key units, and formulate fire fighting and rescue responses corresponding to various dangers.
(c) Scientific calculations, determination of strength and equipment for participation in the war
After the disaster is set, scientific calculations must be carried out based on the situation of the disaster to determine the use of water sources, water intake methods, water supply methods, fire site water consumption, fire fighting offensive forces, task division, and the number of aid squadrons. At the same time, according to the nature of the object of fire, special equipment and the number of required equipment should be deployed. Is it necessary to equip support vehicles, tankers, and bubble carriers to meet the needs of extinguishing and saving people? For example, for tank fires, we need to calculate the amount of foam and foam reserve required for fire attack. According to the size of the tank and the distance between adjacent tanks, determine the cooling water consumption.
(d) Determination of operational intent
According to the set disaster situation, determine the respective tasks and goals of the squadron and the rescue squadron. The task will be divided into specific tasks: who is responsible for the main fire, who is responsible for ventilation, and who is responsible for evacuation and rescue. According to the situation of the site and the assessment of the disaster situation, the situation of fire development at each stage was analyzed, and the fighting actions to be taken by the aid forces that arrived at different times were determined.
(V) Strictly review and continuously enrich
After the preparation of the plan text, the Squadron Officer will also personally lead the firefighting class to conduct field exercises. Based on the disaster conditions set in the plan, combat operations, and fire fighting measures, the drill was started. Check the feasibility of the plan. Through such practice, we can find out the deficiencies in the preparation of plans, make the plans we make more relevant to reality, and all the measures conform to the laws of fire and maximize the role of firefighting and rescue plans in the actual use of fires and fires.
Fourth, the correct assessment of the role of fire fighting and rescue plans
The establishment of fire-fighting and rescue plans plays an important role in successfully fighting fires. If we fail to see this point, many problems will arise, such as formulating formulas, simplifications, and lack of pertinence; cadres will not practice in-house, and the investigation will not go deep. Only the squadron correspondents will draw a picture and do one thing, lacking guidance; After the development of the cabinet, the theory and practice are out of touch and lack of application. On the contrary, we can't overemphasize the role of the plan, and we can't think that if we plan to use it, we can surely fight against the fire-fighting rescue plan in response to the different types, scales, and object protection situations of the disaster accidents, and properly use the fire-fighting and rescue forces to properly adopt various tactics. , Technology, successfully implemented fire fighting and rescue operations, minimized casualties, and reduced property losses. It is the basis for planning and commanding during the fire fighting. It is the basic way to gradually realize computer command. The establishment of fire prevention and rescue plans for key units or important parts and the organization of field exercises are a very important business activity for fire control* and a basic work for the implementation of computer command.
Firefighting and rescue plans play an increasingly important role in the training and firefighting and rescue of firefighting*. However, the author's investigation found that some of the grassroots squadrons do not have a deep understanding of the significance of the preparation of fire-fighting and rescue plans. In the process of production, copying and copying are serious. In addition, some of the squadrons did not perform drills on the ground during the familiarization of the fire extinguishing plan, and they did not carry out meticulous research on the various conditions of the unit. Just go to the other unit and walk away. In the process of production, there is also a lack of scientific rigorous attitude and the spirit of investigation and research. At present, most of the fire-prevention plans formulated remain at the plane stage of paper operations. Although the number of microcomputers has gradually increased, the virtual main software has rarely been developed and utilized, and the high-tech role has not been fully utilized. Some organizations have unclear and insufficient attention to the role of preplanning and preplanning. Here I will talk about the understanding of the fire fighting and rescue plan:
First, the characteristics of the fire-fighting and rescue plan (a) scientific
The formulation of the fire-fighting and rescue plan shall be scientific in terms of the setting of disaster conditions, the deployment of forces, and the measures for fighting against the fire. Determine the key positions on the basis of scientific proof; determine the deployment of forces on the basis of scientific calculations; determine the measures for fighting against fire on the basis of scientific decision-making;
(II) Variability
The economy and society are constantly changing and the situation of the units is constantly changing. The increase and decrease of basic buildings, the improvement of production processes, the changes in the surrounding conditions, the restructuring of the nature of the company, etc. all determine that the pre-plans also need to change constantly. Only in this way can we keep up with changing circumstances so that the plan can always be adapted to changes in key units.
(three) operability
The purpose of the preparation of the fire-prevention plan is to make use of the plan to carry out the power dispatch and lay a solid foundation for the victory in fire fighting. Therefore, when deploying troops in accordance with the plan and taking countermeasures, they can play a role of quick fixes, and control the disaster within the minimum range. Therefore, the fire-fighting and rescue plan we have established must be operational.
(d) Complexity
The fire-fighting and rescue plan is a detailed and complicated job. From its content: It contains a few pieces of content containing all aspects of knowledge: power scheduling, hydraulic calculations, burning area calculations, fire precautions, chemical knowledge, etc.; from its formulation process: need to be collected Information, research, and determination of force deployment, etc. Afterwards, investigations will be conducted to verify whether the plan meets the actual situation of the unit; from its classification, it includes: construction, chemical industry, transportation tools, large-scale service, and cross-regional rescue. Class; therefore, the preplan work requires a lot of manpower, material resources, financial resources, and energy.
(five) targeted
Different types of disasters, different production properties, and different scales of construction all have their own characteristics. Therefore, in the preparation of the plan, it is necessary to adopt different disposal strategies and force deployments for different situations. Moreover, the complexity of modern fires determines that the plan must play its role and must be targeted. It can truly play a role in reducing disaster losses, reducing casualties, and modernizing command.
(6) Practicality
Practicality is an important feature of the fire suppression plan. The formulation of the fire-prevention plan is ultimately intended for application. The plan prepared for this purpose should be easy to use and use in the process of use. Can play an important role in preserving the fire fighting, personnel rescue, and material evacuation.
Second, the role of fire and rescue plans (A) to facilitate the mastery of combat operations initiative
Through the formulation of firefighting and rescue preplans, the commanders and fighters at all levels can be made familiar with the basic conditions, force deployment, fighting strategies, water supply plans, and precautions for the key defenders in the area of responsibility. Once an unexpected situation occurs to the defended objects, the commanders and fighters at all levels can, according to the basic conditions they normally grasp, carry out force deployments according to plans and carry out targeted firefighting and rescue operations and corresponding measures. Reduce the time for the start of the fight, thus saving time for extinguishing, saving people, and evacuating supplies. Greatly improved the combat effectiveness of firefighting* and minimized the loss of property. Take the initiative to extinguish fire.
(II) Helping to promote the implementation of "six familiars"
In the process of formulating a firefighting and rescue plan, it is necessary to constantly in-depth areas of responsibility and key protection units to understand its various aspects, so that the production staff not only have first-hand information for the preparation of preplans, but also better promote the " Traffic roads and water sources in the area of responsibility; classification, quantity, and distribution of key units in the area of responsibility; countermeasures and basic procedures for the disposal of major disasters in the area of responsibility; use of key units in key areas; The situation of the facilities; the fire protection organization of the key units and their division of fire rescue missions; and the familiarization of six other aspects. After the plan has been prepared, the cadres and combatants must also examine the contents of the plan. Through this work, the firefighters have been given a better understanding of the object of protection and have effectively promoted the preparation of fire extinguishing.
(three) helps to enhance the training of targeted
Familiarity with the situation in the area is one of the main contents of the post training, and it is important to master the key objectives. Firefighters’ knowledge of building structures and internal facilities is the basis. However, in the minds of individual units and a small number of officers and soldiers, when they are familiar with the key units, they do not seek a deeper level of study to achieve the goal of excellence; for this reason, when the units are familiar with, they must rely on fire prevention and rescue plans to conduct training. According to the basic situation set by the plan, fire settings, force deployment, fighting strategies, water supply programs and other analysis and comparison to obtain the best plan. Through such training, it will help to increase the pertinence of fire-fighting and rescue training, make the work of pre-planning closer to reality, and be more realistic and realistic.
(IV) It is conducive to the study of the laws, characteristics, and tactics of new combat targets.
Through the “six familiarization” of the situation in the area of responsibility and the protection unit, firefighters can find new situations and new production problems in the process of familiarizing themselves with the situation. In the face of this new situation, to ensure their safety, and to improve * The combat capability of firefighters is to conduct in-depth study of the situation, and based on the hazardous characteristics of the object of protection, study and formulate a more scientific disposal strategy. This process not only improved the practicality of the fire-fighting and rescue plan, but also greatly promoted the firefighters' research on the new tactics and improved the organization and command ability of commanders at all levels. The link between theory and practical work has been strengthened, and the quality of fire preparation work has been improved.
(E) It is conducive to the gradual realization of computer command decisions
The fire-fighting and rescue plan is made based on computer technology and can be used to assist computer-aided decision-making and commanding in conjunction with a computer. Once the readiness vehicle is equipped with an on-board computer, it uses network technology. Can achieve remote command. It also helps the on-board commander to understand the basic conditions of fire objects, fire-fighting countermeasures, and other relevant information in a timely manner. Make the command of the commander more targeted and the decision more scientific. So as to greatly enhance the fire fighting combat effectiveness.
III. Formulation of Fire-fighting and Rescue Plans (1) Scope of determination and clear focus on defending objects
Firefighting* In the preparation of the plan, it is first necessary to identify the key targets to be defended. There are two main sources of information: one is information accumulated by the fire department; the other is field survey data; through these two approaches, it is possible to determine which are the key units and which fire hazards require the establishment of a fire prevention and rescue plan.
(b) Investigation and research, collecting information
After the key targets have been identified, it is necessary to conduct on-site investigations for key targets. Collect relevant data. For example, some building materials, production processes, conditions of the surrounding water source roads, firefighting organization networks of the units, dangerous locations in the units, the dangers of the products, and fire facilities that the buildings can use. After collecting these data, it is necessary to analyze these data, predict the possibility of disasters in key units, and formulate fire fighting and rescue responses corresponding to various dangers.
(c) Scientific calculations, determination of strength and equipment for participation in the war
After the disaster is set, scientific calculations must be carried out based on the situation of the disaster to determine the use of water sources, water intake methods, water supply methods, fire site water consumption, fire fighting offensive forces, task division, and the number of aid squadrons. At the same time, according to the nature of the object of fire, special equipment and the amount of equipment required will be deployed. Is it necessary to equip support vehicles, tankers, and bubble carriers to meet the needs of extinguishing and saving people? For example, for tank fires, we need to calculate the amount of foam and foam reserve needed for fire attack. According to the size of the tank and the distance between adjacent tanks, determine the cooling water consumption.
(d) Determination of operational intent
According to the set disaster situation, determine the respective tasks and goals of the squadron and the rescue squadron. The task will be divided into specific tasks: who is responsible for the main fire, who is responsible for ventilation, and who is responsible for evacuation and rescue. According to the situation of the site and the disaster situation, the situation of fire development in each phase is analyzed to determine the battle line that should be taken by the aid forces that arrive at different times.
(V) Strictly review and continuously enrich
After the preparation of the plan text, the Squadron Officer will also personally lead the firefighting class to conduct field exercises. Based on the disaster situation set in the plan, combat operations, and fire fighting measures, drills were started. Check the feasibility of the plan. Through such practice, we can find out the deficiencies in the preparation of plans, make the plans we make more relevant to reality, and all the measures conform to the laws of fire and maximize the role of firefighting and rescue plans in the actual use of fires and fires.
Fourth, the correct assessment of the role of fire fighting and rescue plans
The establishment of fire-fighting and rescue plans plays an important role in successfully fighting fires. If we fail to see this point, many problems will arise, such as formulating formulas, simplifications, and lack of pertinence; cadres will not personally practice, and the investigation will not go deep. They will only call the squadron correspondents to draw a picture and do one thing. There is a lack of guidance; After the development of the cabinet, the theory and practice are out of touch and lack of application. On the contrary, we must not over-exaggerate the role of the pre-proposal plan. We must not think that with the plan, we can certainly win the battle. We can even direct the extinguishing of fire on the fire scene in accordance with the pre-proposals. In the fire scene, the commander is, of course, facing the fire, deploying the fighting based on the fire situation, instead of facing the plan in safety and directing the operation according to the plan. This is because the development of fires is complex and changeable. There are only a few fires whose objective fire conditions are exactly the same as the scheduled disasters. Even if the trend of a fire tuxedo is similar to the estimate of the plan, the intensity of the fire and the speed of the flames are affected by the environment and climate at that time. Such as the impact, the deployment of the fighting must be due to "fire". In addition, a plan does not reflect all the tactical measures for the entire fire fighting. The deployment of forces on the plan and the deployment of the vehicle cannot take into account the initial fire, the development stage, and the deployment of the most unfavorable circumstances. In addition, the planning command and the on-site command are two different forms of fire extinguishing command. There are connections between them, and there are differences. The planning and commanding are some assumptions about the on-site command. The on-site commanding can also refer to the plan and commanding measures, but the two cannot replace each other. The command of the plan can not replace the on-site command. It can only help the commander to make more effective decisions on the spot.
Victory, even in the fire can be commanded in accordance with the plan to put out the fire. In the fire scene, the commander is, of course, facing the fire, deploying the fighting based on the fire situation, instead of facing the plan in safety and directing the operation according to the plan. This is because the development of fires is complex and changeable. There are only a few fires whose objective fire conditions are exactly the same as the scheduled disasters. Even if the trend of a fire tuxedo is similar to the estimate of the plan, the intensity of the fire and the speed of the flames are affected by the environment and climate at that time. Such as the impact, the deployment of the fighting must be due to "fire". In addition, a plan does not reflect all the tactical measures for the entire fire fighting. The deployment of forces on the plan and the deployment of the vehicle cannot take into account the initial fire, the development stage, and the deployment of the most unfavorable circumstances. In addition, the planning command and the on-site command are two different forms of fire extinguishing command. There are connections between them, and there are differences. The planning and commanding are some assumptions about the on-site command. The on-site commanding can also refer to the plan and commanding measures, but the two cannot replace each other. The command of the plan can not replace the on-site command. It can only help the commander to make more effective decisions on the spot.
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