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This article is produced by NetEase Smart Studio (public number 爏martman 163). Focus on AI and read the next big era!

[Netease smart news August 15 news] Do you want to have a loyal and reliable, alluring and sympathetic to your partner?

This is a question that Wynsberghe, co-founder of Responsible Robotics, has been thinking about. In July 2017, she and her colleague Noel Harkey jointly released a report on *** robots. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the current status and future trends of robots in the *** industry.

Wynsberghe is a professor of robotics and ethics at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. Before she went to the Museum of Science to visit the robot exhibition, she received interviews with foreign media to discuss the possibilities of humans and robots for ***ual life, and the implications thereof. risks of. The contents of the interview were edited and integrated on the basis of unchanged original intentions:

*** Robot VS Inflatable Doll

Q: Your report is mainly about *** robots. So how are these inflatable dolls and smart devices linked to future *** robots?

Wynsberghe (hereinafter referred to as W): These *** robots are like inflatable dolls. This is very interesting because *** robots are reshaping our ideas. You can buy an inflatable doll online, and you can customize and choose the style according to your preferences. If you like sprite-like ears, its ears will become very fine. You can also choose the size of the inflatable doll's chest. Strictly speaking, this is a lifeless doll that does not reach orgasm and does not interact with you. It exists only to satisfy your libido. However, people are not satisfied. It is necessary to invent a inflatable doll that is close to your ideal type. It also has “consciousness” and “imaginativeness” in order to communicate.

Now, let's go back to the robot. We now start adding features to these *** robots: let the female doll imitate human climax, or let it interact with you, such as shaking his head and voice, and be able to recognize your voice and face, In this way, you can have a better *** life with you. The reasoning of *** robots is the same, but it is still quite different from the inflatable dolls. It does not require you to manually add "skills." *** robots can talk to users and can make sounds and give feedback on your actions. But *** robots also have the advantage of inflatable dolls: you can still choose the appearance of these *** robots, different functions, whether it meets your ideal ***ual partner, and so on. Now, this type of robot has become more realistic.

Q: You mean that these *** robots combine science and technology with inflatable dolls. Is that right? Do you think *** robots can really land?

W: Nowadays, a very hot company is inventing a robot for ***, called Abyss Creations, which uses a different platform to develop a robot called Harmony. Abyss Creations' mobile app can collect user's “***” interests and find out about your life. This data is sent to the robot. It is reported that much of the robot's work is accomplished through this application.

In sync with the development of the robot's *** industry, artificial intelligence is also rapidly developing. Al can perform facial and speech recognition and can also try to understand your emotional changes or integrate your physiological data. If you are having a heartbeat while talking about SM, this may be exactly what you want, and robots can be “adapted.”

These things can happen at the same time. It's only a matter of time. Some ***graphers said, “We need to develop artificial intelligence and combine it with robots. Once it is successful, humans will be immersed in it and unable to extricate themselves.”

Currently, there is already a place for *** services where you can see inflatable dolls. All you have to do is replace the inflatable doll with a *** robot so that more people will love the robot instead of the inflatable doll.

Popular products or niche products?

Q: Do you think this *** robot will produce a lot of production? Or is it just a niche product?

W: On the one hand, people said, "It's disgusting. You can't do this. It's blaspheming the gods." Others said: "Great, hurry to develop it." If you're interested in it, and you don't Injury to other people does not cover your partner, so why not do it?

Similarly, family planning will be normalized. Just like dildo and other *** toys, we are all familiar with this. Based on the physicalization and development of female bodies, if we continue to let the ***graphy industry guide the design of these robots, we will also see very erotic robots. If it is confined to one area and R&D is stagnant, it will be more like a niche product. Only people who are interested in its appearance will use this *** robot.

Q: Some people think that *** robots also have some advantages. What do you think?

W: There are a lot of opinions about *** robots that can be used for body treatment. If you have experienced "***ual" trauma, you can no longer live with humans. *** robots are not a good treatment option. For men who have erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation, *** robots may be able to help them, which is the same as looking at a psychiatrist. Some people think that these inventions are also good news for people with disabilities and the elderly. Some charities are also willing to provide ***ual aid for people with disabilities.

You can imagine inventing a *** robot that can be of interest to people with disabilities. With proper testing of the robot, people will accept it more widely, and *** robots will no longer be a small product. Even we can choose the age of the robot, after all, we do not rule out that we will have advanced users to buy our *** robot.

Q: Do you agree that ***ual robots can replace prostitution and allow *** workers to be laid off?

W: In order to write a research report, we interviewed some *** workers. These *** workers told us that their customers wanted them to take drugs, drink alcohol, and were curious about why they were engaged in this profession. After the interview, I feel that letting ***ual workers replace *** workers may be a good thing for them and a great advancement in social civilization.

There are also some sayings in the society that *** robots can reduce human trafficking and pediatric pediatric patients' attacks on children. These arguments are very interesting. A human rights lawyer we consulted, he pointed out that human trafficking has a lot to do with the governance and power of the government, and this is something robots cannot change.

For example, there is a company that manufactures *** robots that can reject your payments. However, this is totally different from monopoly rule.

It is indeed a good idea that *** robots help reduce human trafficking. But how do you prove it? How do you investigate a child trafficking case? Let us fill out a questionnaire. Can the use of *** robots reduce human trafficking? In fact, paedophilia is the same reason. These are currently not easy to say.

The ethical issues behind

Q: Some courts have already started hearing cases about *** robots. Did you hear that?

W: At present, a Japanese company has created inflatable dolls that look exactly like children. In June, a man in the UK was indicted. The person ordered an inflatable doll that looked like a child from Japan and was prohibited from entering the country. In Newfoundland, Canada, there is also such a case. A child-like inflatable doll carried by the suspect was intercepted by the Customs. He was accused of holding child ***graphy and misusing the mail system.

The question is whether this constitutes a child ***graphy bill in Canada? Because the law says that children will be harmed in the process of making inflatable dolls. As a result, Canada is in a very precarious situation. They either make changes to the definition of child ***graphy or formulate special laws and regulations on this particular situation.

In the British case, the indicted man’s home contained horrific child ***graphy. In the case of Newfoundland, Canada, the police could not find any evidence of child ***graphy except the inflatable doll. Now, this case has been re-heared, and the investigators of the case are all discussing whether this inflatable doll is like a child or a small woman. They explored whether the inflatable doll's breasts had developed or deliberately made it so small.

Q: Wow, this is incredible. Any idea about this?

W: In such a case, people would doubt the usefulness of such inflatable dolls. It is possible that paedophilia patients will use similar inflatable dolls to prevent real children from being harmed. This is what the founder of the Japanese robot company said. But how do you prove it? This is a very real problem. You need a control group and you have to track several people. Some of these people use children's inflatable dolls so that you can compare them.

In fact, these studies are immoral.

Psychology has a term called "enhanced effect." This theory shows that this technology may harm children. Because these inflatable dolls are in short supply, it will not satisfy the pedophile fetish mood at all, and it will also normalize these fetish emotions. Let these children's inflatable dolls be legalized. In the entire social environment, we must show that those who have ***ual fantasies do nothing wrong. At the legal and moral level, we all understand that, but only if you do not infringe or abuse children.

Q: We have learned that your major is cell biology and ethics. What impact will you have on your current job?

W: Since about 2004, when the surgical robot first put on the screen, I had been studying robots. I am a member of a technical team responsible for teaching surgeons how to treat patients remotely. We do not take patients to do experiments, but in the laboratory. Now I am still researching and developing drones for humanitarian assistance.

It is not known whether this is related to people's infatuation with the term "robot" or the image of conceptual robots and pop culture. However, I still noticed that we did not have a systematic approach. As we did for the drug, pharmaceutical and medical industries, we did not test and verify the robots. We did not even have a standardized standard similar to home alarm clocks and electrical equipment.

We are so interested in this technology and are ready to develop it. We are looking at society as a mouse in our laboratory. When we put it into action, we want to say: "This may slow innovation and development, but what we do is right."

The future of robots

Q: Are you looking forward to the robot's future?

W: I'm looking forward to some types of robots and some of the features they have. I am very worried about the concept of "moral strangulation", and we may lose something human.

Imagine a person experiencing a very difficult time, now sitting in front of you crying, or you are late for a meeting, but you still have to sit there and sit with the participants. We may not have so many opportunities in the future. If we suddenly encounter such a situation, we may not know what to do.

Q: Is this because of the robot?

W: Because of the general smart devices, the threshold for interpersonal communication has been raised. I think robots will increase this threshold. If the robot tells your child about the bedtime story, does it save the parents a lot of time and energy? Personally, I have two children. Reading a story book you need to stick to reading for two months. This is really tired. But this is crucial to your family relationships and your children’s growth. So why should we discard it?

On the other hand, I want a robot to help me clean the house. I am very interested in drones that can implement humanitarian aid. It can send blood samples and vaccines to places we cannot reach. I am also very interested in medical robots that can detect and receive signals from the patient's body. Artificial intelligence algorithms can more accurately predict the condition of your tumor than your surgeon. This is so exciting.

However, I am not interested in whether artificial intelligence can predict whether people are suicidal. I think this is not what artificial intelligence should do.

The most fundamental problem is that we use science and technology as an aid, and robots are part of it. When problems arise, we rely on technology to solve problems.

Q: You have already talked about the robot image in the recent hit series “Western World”. We are very curious about the whole society as a mouse in the laboratory. Is this because we have seen it with our own eyes? ?

W: What's interesting about Western World is that it shows you the ugliness of humanity. There is a saying in the play: the robot looks like a mirror. This is to convey a meaning to you: If your actions have no consequences, then this is your job. This is what you can do.

The occupation of the world by robots has a long history in Western novels. The robot defeated humans and gained control. Many of our fears come from popular culture. But in the Western world and elsewhere, we have also seen these perfect, humanoid creatures. Of course, they are actually played by humans. And it is very attractive. We all want to have one. However, our response is "do what you have to do so that we can achieve our goals."

In addition, cultural differences are also important. In Japan, the description of the robot is not so terrible. This robot is your friendly and friendly partner. It will not destroy the world but will save the world. It has its own soul.

Q: So, who will dominate the development of the robot industry?

W: One of the goals of our founding foundation is to connect the public with robot companies. We want to establish a standard. Just like when you buy coffee or tea, you need a fair trade label certification. Buying products, especially food, is now a moral consideration. We are developing a similar system, so when someone goes to the store to buy a robot, it can have a "data protection policy" or "environmental sustainable development" label.

This may also be a way to educate the public, such as: "What kind of products do you want to buy?" I hope this can put pressure on these companies to conduct more rigorous testing.

Q: Can you give some similar examples?

W: Well, one example is about GMOs. There was a time when people did not have to label whether they used pesticides or whether they were genetically modified. Now Michelin restaurants use their locally produced products. This is slow food movement. We are seeing the transformation of the terrible situation of animals. We have witnessed how the food industry has evolved toward a single direction, and it is also working hard to resist this trend. Therefore, the robots we are researching need to be diversified.

Q: As far as you know, where else have humans been deviated from their development?

W: Another technology is distance education. The “tele” company stated that it has a telephone communication network, so it means that the partner can use the device to carry on a long-distance *** life.

However, this information and the information that the *** machine dildo can receive, such as the time before climax, all of these very private data information are available to the company. At present, there are no relevant laws and regulations that restrict the collection, sharing, storage, use, and destruction of privacy information by robot companies. Nothing at all. In fact, a Canadian company received a collective complaint from a customer because the customer did not know about the integration and use of their private data.

This is the phenomenon of the robot world. When you walk into a store, a robot shows you where the hammer is; or you go into a bank and a robot asks you: “Are you here to store cash or apply for a loan?” This is for advertisers and marketers. It's all very valuable information.

We will all fall into this data trap. The most valuable part of the robot is its ability to collect data.

When you say: "We take some protective measures," this may be a great moment. Especially for those who need help, such as the elderly or the disabled, or children.

(Source: qz.com Author: Cassie compile: NetEase see foreign intelligence platform compiler revision: Song Yufei)

Pay attention to NetEase smart public number (smartman163), get the latest report of artificial intelligence industry.

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Xu Mingming, deputy director of the Office of the National Energy Leading Group, said on March 2 that the “Energy Law” (draft for soliciting opinions) will be submitted to the State Council and will be reported to the National People’s Congress. According to this order, this means that the “Energy Law” will not be included in the ongoing National “two sessions” review agenda. Regarding the issue of whether or not the Ministry of Energy is set up in the interest of all walks of life, no explicit statement has been made in the draft of the draft. Xu Mingming also did not answer whether the Ministry of Energy was established or when it was established.
Previously, the "Energy Law" that has been hotly debated will be considered at the "two sessions." Then the establishment of the Ministry of Energy will also grow smoothly. According to the current situation, the establishment of the Ministry of Energy will still take some time. According to the “Energy Law” draft, the energy monopoly department will be placed under legal supervision. Because some ministries and large state-owned enterprises are worried that they will lose their own power and interests, they have met with fierce opposition to the establishment of the Ministry of Energy. The current control over energy policy is divided into two different departments: the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Energy Office of the State Council. The establishment of the New Energy Department will pose a threat to the National Development and Reform Commission.
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Recently, after a long period of weakening, the color TV market has begun to usher in a new round of outbreaks as the price of raw materials in the upper reaches of the supply chain declines. According to the author's understanding, in the situation of lower LCD panel, for the first time to give back the majority of consumers, Xiaomi TV announced that it will start at 0:00 on September 1, the millet TV part of the price reduction, the first to drop the price of color TV A shot.

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Judging from the performance of its products, Xiaomi TV 4A series have reached a higher level, and also saw the sincerity of Xiaomi TV's price reduction. It is also sticking to the principle of “making the world’s best TV so that everyone can afford it. "The concept. The price cut will also allow consumers to enjoy a leading Internet TV experience at more affordable prices.

In addition, according to projection age network editors learned that millet TV 4A series of this price adjustment will be millet mall, millet home, millet Jingdong flagship store, Xiaomi Tmall flagship store, Xiaomi Suning Tesco flagship store, there are goods, millet TV mall synchronization carried out. At the same time, in order to protect the rights of the recent purchase of millet TV 4A series of rice flour friends, the difference between the purchase of the above-mentioned reduced-price model TV at 24 o'clock on August 25 from August to August 31 can be compensated accordingly.

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New regulations on naphtha consumption tax On February 2, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued a notice on adjusting some of the refined oil consumption tax policies. Industry insiders noticed that the regulation of naphtha in this adjustment has changed significantly compared to the policy in April 2006.
On April 1, 2006, China used naphtha together with solvent oil, lubricating oil, and fuel oil to incorporate the scope of the excise tax, and stipulated that the tax for consumption of naphtha, lubricating oil, and solvent oil was 0.2 per liter. Yuan, the consumption tax of fuel oil is 0.1 yuan per liter. The 2006 version of the policy also stipulates that in order to adequately buffer the impact on product prices caused by the increase in production غير مجاز مي باشدts of large-scale ethylene production enterprises, the above-mentioned oil products should first be collected at 30% of the tax payable.
The new "Notice" stipulates that from January 1 this year to December 31, 2010, naphtha produced directly by the manufacturer shall be levied with consumption tax in full according to regulations. However, imported naphtha and domestic naphtha used as raw materials for ethylene and aromatics products are exempted from consumption tax.
In response to the adjustment of some refined oil excise duties, Zhou Dayi, a researcher at the National Development and Reform Commission’s Energy Research Institute, pointed out in an interview with reporters that the use of administrative measures to maintain energy prices at a relatively low level may alleviate inflationary pressures in a short period of time. It will affect market supply, and it will still be difficult to truly reflect the degree of resource scarcity, which will further lead to wasteful consumption of resources.
As the leading petrochemical industry, ethylene is the basic raw material for synthetic plastics, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, new chemical materials, and daily chemical products. It is the most widely used basic organic chemical raw material. Due to the constraints of production scale, raw material supply and other conditions, China's ethylene production is still unable to meet domestic demand. Dong Xiucheng, deputy dean of the School of Business Administration of the University of Petroleum, said in an interview with reporters that the adjustment was a continuation and improvement of the consumption tax policy promulgated in April 2006. In that adjustment, there were more than seven oil and chemical products involved, including naphtha, solvent oil, lubricant oil, fuel oil, and aviation kerosene. The main reason for this adjustment is to consider that oil is an important strategic material necessary for national economic and social development and national defense. With the rapid economic growth in China, oil consumption has increased significantly. Naphtha, solvent oil, and gasoline, as well as diesel, are all petroleum products. From the perspective of helping to guide the consumption of petroleum products and conserving oil resources, these products should be uniformly incorporated into the scope of control of consumption taxes.
Three are conducive to ● conducive to the domestic production of aromatic hydrocarbons The reporter learned from the interview, this adjustment of some of the favorable aspects of the refined oil consumption tax policy, mainly lies in correctly guiding the consumption of petroleum products and saving oil resources. For the oil and chemical industries, the main reason is to suppress the naphtha export and meet the domestic demand for ethylene and aromatics production. In addition, aromatic hydrocarbons have also become one of the most important basic chemical raw materials in addition to ethylene.
At present, about 55% of ethylene and downstream products in China and about 65% of chemical fiber raw materials are imported. At present, multinational corporations such as Europe, America, and the Middle East all regard China as one of their most important target markets. With their scale advantages, technological advantages, and resource advantages, they are actively expanding their markets to China. Since China's accession to the World Trade Organization, the import tariff on ethylene was only 2%, and the current provisional tariff was 0. There was no import quota control, and the price of ethylene and downstream petrochemical products had basically been liberalized. Therefore, the price of imports to a certain extent determines the price of domestic ethylene and downstream products. Under this circumstance, the consumption tax on imported naphtha and domestic naphtha used as a chemical raw material will continue to impose a margin of profit on domestic ethylene and downstream products to reduce the competitiveness of the domestic ethylene industry.
It can be seen that this adjustment has a very clear intention to promote fair competition between domestic ethylene and aromatics products and imported products using naphtha as raw materials. Since some of the above oils have certain alternatives to gasoline and diesel, some good quality products can also be used directly as gasoline and diesel. In the actual collection and management, there is a problem that individual companies evade taxation by confusing product names. Therefore, relevant authorities have stated that in order to block the tax loopholes caused by the sale of gasoline through naphtha after the company has simply processed the gasoline, the state’s direct sales of naphtha to manufacturers are not exempt from taxation.
For companies that use their own naphtha for downstream ethylene and aromatics production, they will be tax-free within three years. An unnamed petrochemical industry insider said: "Ethylene and aromatics products are important basic chemical raw materials, but China is currently heavily dependent on imports. This time on the import of naphtha and domestic ethylene, aromatic hydrocarbons, raw materials, naphtha The temporary exemption of consumption tax will help promote the competitiveness of similar domestic products."
● Helps to expand naphtha imports The new consumption tax policy provides that naphtha imports from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010 will be exempted from consumption tax. This to a certain extent is conducive to the increase of naphtha imports.
According to customs statistics, naphtha imports in 2006 were 1.068 million tons, up 67.11% year-on-year, mainly due to the 630,000 tons PX plant in Lidong, Qingdao, Shandong Province, which led to a significant increase in naphtha imports. With the commissioning of ethylene projects such as Dushanzi Petrochemical and Tianjin Petrochemical in 2008, the total ethylene production capacity has reached nearly 4 million tons, which will add about 12 million tons of naphtha demand. Among them, CNPC and Sinopec demand naphtha is basically self-sufficient (except for joint ventures), while the CNOOC and Shell joint-venture project with an annual capacity of 800,000 tons of ethylene will import about 2.4 million tons of naphtha or condensate each year. At the same time, naphtha was exported at 1.739 million tons in 2007, up 10.54% year-on-year, of which 1.19 million tons were exported from Dalian's western Pacific, accounting for 68.5% of the country's exports.
In this regard, industry experts pointed out that due to the constraints of the domestic refined oil pricing mechanism, domestic refineries are not willing to use naphtha to increase production of gasoline and diesel, and tend to direct exports. Considering that naphtha prices closely follow international markets, naphtha is sold directly instead of using naphtha to produce those gasolines or diesels whose prices are controlled or low-margin ethylene. This is an effective measure to ensure that refineries can reduce losses. After the restoration of this policy, the practice of the refinery was blocked to some extent. Calculated according to the 2007 export data, the consumption tax New Deal will increase the industry's غير مجاز مي باشدt by 3.2 billion yuan, of which, PetroChina and Sinopec will be less than one-half of the total, which will have little impact on the two companies.
● Facilitate advancement of refined oil price reform Optimists believe that the introduction of the fuel consumption tax is a prelude to a new round of oil price reform.
At the beginning of the new year, international oil prices broke through the 100-dollar mark. Whether the price of oil remains strong in 2008 and how the reform of China's oil prices and energy management system will not only affect the prospects of the oil and chemical industries, but also the development of the national economy.
Dong Xiucheng, deputy dean of the School of Business Administration of China University of Petroleum, pointed out that the reform of refined oil prices in 2008 will still be a prudent, phased adjustment of prices rather than price liberalization. In 2008, the discovery of China's oil reserves will continue to increase, and the scale of oil imports will continue to expand. Although the oil supply situation is grim, and people in all walks of life generally believe that price inversion is the main cause of the oil shortage, it is expected that the country will not rush to link domestic refined oil prices with international standards in 2008, but will properly handle the relationship between different interest groups and fully consider the society. Under conditions of enduring capacity, we have actively and steadily pushed ahead with the reform of the oil price and gradually pushed forward the establishment of a price formation mechanism that can reflect the degree of oil scarcity, market supply and demand, and environmental غير مجاز مي باشدts. As for the taxation of crude oil products, the method of changing the resource tax from current “quantity measurement” to “ad valorem” has been discussed for some time and has already been reflected in the special income fund policy. It is expected that in 2008 the country will continue to study and explore the issue of resource tax reforms. The main direction may be the combination of taxation and taxation and the change of taxation method from specific tax to ad valorem tax.
One is not conducive to: ● The غير مجاز مي باشدt of companies outside the two major groups has increased greatly. From the perspective of the current domestic chemical industry structure, companies that benefit from naphtha production are mainly companies that can enjoy tax exemption, mainly PetroChina and Sinopec. The major naphtha products used by many chemical companies other than the two major companies rely on imports and purchases from two major companies. If they are purchased from domestic sources, they are not subject to tax exemptions. This excise tax will be levied in full, which is undoubtedly increased. The company's raw material غير مجاز مي باشدts. At present, when the international oil price breaks a new high of US0 per barrel, domestic naphtha will also rise. The increase in naphtha consumption tax this time will be tantamount to worse for these companies.
Analysts in the industry said that general adjustment of consumption tax may increase the company’s production غير مجاز مي باشدts. The consumption tax on refined oil has started to be levied in full, and the production غير مجاز مي باشدt of the company may increase. The main purpose of raising the consumption tax is to curb consumer demand, in order to promote the enterprises to save energy use, and improve the efficiency of the use of enterprises.
Professor Zhu Qing, director of the Department of Finance at Renmin University of Finance and Economics, Renmin University of China, said that because it had previously levied a consumption tax on related products, as a raw material, as an input, this time, the total amount of refined oil such as fuel oil and naphtha was in full. Tax rates levied on consumption tax will not affect the related production companies, but may affect the use of related products in the industry and increase their غير مجاز مي باشدts. However, these companies can "pass on" the corresponding غير مجاز مي باشدts. As for whether it can be successfully passed, it depends on the "elasticity" of the product.
Han Wenke, director of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, said in an exclusive interview with reporters that China's taxation policy on petroleum products involves reforms in fees and taxation as well as a reflection of the country's basic national policy. At the same time, the principle of social fairness is further reflected in the improvement of people’s living standards.

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In recent years, independent component analysis has been widely used in the field of face recognition and other modes. Firstly, the face image is preprocessed to reduce dimension, then the ICA algorithm is used to obtain the independent base component of the face image, a separate space is used to construct a subspace, and finally the surface of the image to be recognized is used for face recognition. . Experiments were conducted on three questions: the number of training samples, the number of training individuals, and the number of independent bases that affect the recognition rate, and the results were obtained and analyzed.

introduction

Face recognition is an important part of biometric recognition. Has a very wide range of applications in the business, security and judicial industries [1]. The method of face recognition mainly implements an intelligent discrimination task through a computer. In general, face recognition of images can be defined and described as follows:

(1) Given a still or video image, perform a search, implement a judgment, and find a face;

(2) Determine the status of faces in a photo, such as gender, expression, age, etc.;

(3) Given an unknown face image, compare it with existing face images in the gallery to identify the classification.

These tasks are suitable for different working environment requirements, and some complex systems may contain all of the above. Face recognition methods are mainly based on geometric features and algebraic characteristics of the identification method, the former will identify the location of various organs, easy to understand, but poor robustness.

Based on algebraic features, the core idea is to treat face images as multidimensional (ie, the number of image pixels) vector set. These vectors are statistically identified or mapped to achieve the purpose of classification and identification. The method of distinguishing these multidimensional change maps is also the commonly used subspace method [2-3].

This paper uses the independent component analysis (ICA) method to recognize the face image, and the constructed training library has multiple expressions and postures. Its recognition has strong robustness and accuracy. The analysis and comparison of some of the processing results has wide application value.

1ICA basic principles

Independent component analysis is a more successful algorithm used in blind signal separation. It assumes that the signal is a mixture of several independent source signals. With proper projection, the second-order and higher-order statistical information can be extracted and high-order signals can be eliminated. Correlation. The basic approach is to use the ICA algorithm to solve the training set image to obtain a set of independent influencing bases. When the image to be tested is identified, it is projected in each base direction. In this way, the distance and other discrimination methods can be used to determine the category to which the test chart belongs [4].

Using ICA algorithm to recognize the face, the training sample image set X of the face can be used as a linear combination of the statistically independent base image S and the reversible mixing matrix A:

X=AS

The purpose of the ICA algorithm is to find the mixing matrix A or the discrete matrix W so that it satisfies the following equation:

Among them, I is the estimation of the independent statistical base image S.

From a statistical point of view, the non-Gaussianity of random variables is closely related to statistical independence. The strongest direction of non-Gaussianity is the projection direction of ICA. Therefore, as long as the non-Gaussian property is found, the corresponding one is the direction of the independent component to be found [5-7].

2 Algorithm Overview and Basic Processing 2.1 Image Library Selection and Image Preprocessing

The image library used in this paper is the Olivetti Research Laboratory standard face database (as shown in Figure 1). There are a total of 40 face pictures in the face database, with 10 pictures per person and a total of 400 pictures. The image format is pgm. It is a mobile bitmap file and is easy to handle. Each person's picture is from different angles, at different times and influenced by a certain light and some ornaments (such as glasses). The image size is 112×92. In many literatures, certain processing can be performed on the original image, and the image size can be reduced as much as possible while maintaining the original information of the image. It can effectively reduce the number of image pixels, which is also equivalent to a dimension reduction before subsequent processing. For example, some spectral face processing methods such as wavelet processing or the use of image segmentation to extract facial pictures can improve information validity.

For the face input data (first training sample), the gray data is arranged, that is, a matrix is ​​obtained. Each line is the end of the line representing the gray value of the training graph. The number of columns is the total number of training charts. The specific image refers to the face number and can be defined by a volume label function.

The data matrix is ​​subjected to a centralization process, that is, the mean value is processed, and then the whitening process is performed so that the whitened variable covariance matrix is ​​an identity matrix, and a covariance eigenvalue decomposition is used. The main purpose of these processes is to reduce the amount of computation [8-9].

2.2 Generation of ICA independent component basis 2.3 Face recognition

The face image data to be tested is extracted, centered and whitened, and then projected on an independent component basis generated by the method described above. Each test chart uses a غير مجاز مي باشدine discriminating method to find out the most recent category. Thus categorized. The غير مجاز مي باشدine formula is expressed as follows:

This is a calculation of the correlation coefficient. The larger the correlation coefficient, the higher the similarity of the two feature vectors. In this way, the vector to be measured (such as mat2) can be judged as the face category of mat1. Comparing the judgment result with the real value, the correct rate of recognition can be calculated [10].

3 experimental results and analysis

In accordance with the above method, this article tests the face, and there are several issues worth paying attention to the experimental results of the algorithm. The experiment is also based on these issues to test:

(1) The effect of training sample and test sample ratio on the correct rate of test results;

(2) The total number of training samples and test samples, the impact of the correct rate of test results;

(3) The effect of the number of independent components on the test results.

3.1 Effect of Training Sample Size on Test Results

The number of training samples obviously has a great influence on the test results. If possible, as many training sets as possible are obtained, the test results can be greatly improved. Figure 2 shows the recognition accuracy rate curves obtained for 40 people with 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 training samples.

3.2 The effect of different data set sizes on the recognition rate

The data sets of different sizes, ie the size of the training and test population, have a certain influence on the test results. Figure 3 depicts the experimental results of this effect. It can be seen that the data set size and the accuracy rate are generally negatively correlated (not very strict), and the training and test set recognition rate of only 40 people is greatly reduced. Therefore, the reliability of the recognition result must be considered for the larger and more important face recognition process. Of course, stricter parameters are used only in the number of trainings and the number of independent components to be mentioned below.

3.3 The influence of the number of independent component components on the recognition rate

The influence of the number of independent component components on the recognition rate is twofold. On the one hand, the greater the number of independent component components, the higher the recognition accuracy, but on the other hand, too many independent component components will affect the speed of calculation. Although there are few samples in the experimental process, the speed can be tolerated, but if the training set is large and the number of independent component components is large, the recognition speed will be affected. It takes more than 3 hours for a typical personal microcomputer (2.6G dual-core) to process 400 samples of 10,000-pixel images to achieve maximum accuracy. When the demand is not high, the number of independent component components reaches 30% of the training set is sufficient to achieve better results. Figure 4 shows the results of tests with different independent component numbers. There are 6 training samples in each group and 4 testing samples. As can be seen from Figure 4, for a small number of training tests, the test success rate is relatively easy to achieve a high correct recognition rate (0.975%). It can also be said that it is easy to achieve convergence.

4 Conclusion

In this paper, the face recognition experiments were performed using independent component analysis. Through the projection of the face image into the subspace for classification and identification, the purpose of judging the face is achieved. The results show that this projection method based on independent components has a high accuracy, and a comparative experiment is conducted on some important parameter selection problems in independent component analysis in order to achieve an equilibrium in computational efficiency and accuracy [11-12 ]. The experimental results show that the number of training sets, the total number of samples and the number of independent components used have a great influence on the correctness of the calculation and present a nonlinear correlation. These results also help design face recognition software or reference when performing recognition tasks.

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